Introduction. In recent years, the interest of the medical community in peripheral neuropathies has significantly increased and great progress has been achieved in studying certain issues of etiopathogenesis and treatment of these conditions. The basis of therapy for piriformis syndrome (PS), as a particular form of sciatic neuropathy, is still drug therapy, but its use does not always lead to the desired results. This dictates the need to search for new, primarily non-drug, therapies as a part of the cumulative treatment of this disease. Previous work has demonstrated the possibilities of using reflexology, physiotherapy in the treatment of PS. Manual therapy has also been successfully used for a long time in the treatment of patients with this nosology, but most often only in the form of local approaches. In the available literature, there were no works evaluating the possibilities of using personalized osteopathic correction in this group of patients, as well as objectification of the complex treatment performed using ultrasound scanning. All of the above has predetermined the purpose of our research.

   The aim of the study was to study the results of complex therapy of patients with sciatic neuropathy (SP) with the inclusion of osteopathic correction.

   Materials and methods. A controlled randomized trial was conducted in the period from November 2020 to January 2022 on the basis of the profile medical clinic of LLC «Mokhov Institute of Osteopathy». We observed 22 patients aged 18 to 44 years with a diagnosis of sciatic neuropathy. Depending on the treatment used, all the observed patients were divided into the main (11 people) and control (11 people) groups using the simple randomization method. Patients of both groups received pharmacotherapy, and patients of the main group additionally underwent osteopathic correction (3 sessions with an interval of 8–10 days). All patients were assessed for osteopathic status, severity of pain syndrome and ultrasound diagnostics with assessment of the condition of the involved sciatic nerve. Evaluation and measurements were carried out before the start of treatment and 30 days after its start.

   Results. In patients with sciatic neuropathy, regional biomechanical disorders of the regions were most often detected: pelvis, structural and visceral components (45,5 % and 68,2 % respectively), dura mater (59,1 %), lumbar, visceral component (45,5 %). Among the local somatic dysfunctions (DM), the dysfunction of individual vertebral-motor segments was most often determined at the level of the cervical (18,2 %), thoracic (18,2 %) and lumbar (22,7 %) spine, individual joints of the lower extremities (22,7 %), individual skull sutures (27,3 %). After treatment, only in patients of the main group, a statistically significant (p<0,05) decrease in the frequency of detection of regional biomechanical disorders of the pelvic region (structural and visceral component), TMO was obtained. For the rest of the SD, the differences were not significant. The examined patients were characterized by moderate pain syndrome. The therapy, both with and without osteopathic correction, has shown good results. In patients of both groups, there was a significant (p < 0,05) decrease in the intensity of pain syndrome, but in the main group these changes were significantly more pronounced. Patients with sciatic neuropathy were characterized by an increased thickness of the nerve and a decrease in its echogenicity according to the results of ultrasound diagnostics. Against the background of therapy, patients of both groups have a decrease in nerve thickness, but in the main group these changes were statistically significant (p < 0,05) more pronounced. But normalization of nerve echogenicity was observed only in patients of the main group who received osteopathic correction (significant changes, p < 0,05).

   Conclusion. The use of osteopathic correction in the framework of complex therapy of patients with sciatic neuropathy allows to achieve a statistically more significant reduction in the intensity of pain syndrome and normalization of nerve structure (according to ultrasound data) compared with the isolated use of drug therapy. It is advisable to continue the study on a larger sample of patients.

   Introduction. A number of sequentially occurring genetically determined adaptive changes in the body of a pregnant woman accompany her from the moment of conception to the birth of a child, affecting not only physical well-being, but also mental health, thus changing the level of quality of life of a woman. Along with this, physiological changes during pregnancy can serve as a background for the formation of somatic dysfunctions, the severity and level of manifestation of which are determined by the compensatory capabilities of the pregnant woman′s body. Pregnancy as a whole is a crisis period in a woman′s life, and it is during this period that the identification of functional changes and violations of the quality of life can contribute to the prevention of complications during pregnancy.

   The aim of the study was to study the osteopathic status and quality of life in pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy.

   Materials and methods. A cross-sectional cohort study conducted in the period from January 2022 to March 2023 on the basis of the maternity department of the State Medical Hospital № 16 and the medical center «Medexpert» of Kazan included 75 somatically healthy pregnant women aged 25–35 years who are in different stages of pregnancy. The average age of the subjects was 30 ± 3,8 years at the time of observation. A unified osteopathic examination was performed in all pregnant women with the formation of an osteopathic conclusion and the quality of life was assessed according to the criteria of the SF-36 questionnaire.

   Results. The analysis of the results of the conducted studies demonstrated that as pregnancy progresses, somatic dysfunctions of the regional level (pelvic region (p=0,01) and thoracic region (p = 0,03) come to the fore, and indicators of the level of both physical and psychological components of the quality of life significantly decrease (p = 0,02).

   Conclusion. Functional changes occurring in the body of a pregnant woman not only have specifics associated with the period of pregnancy, but also serve as a background condition predisposing to the formation of somatic dysfunctions, as well as worsen quality of life indicators.

   Introduction. Clinical research in osteopathy is criticized for the lack of standardization of treatment and insufficient use of instrumental methods to assess its effectiveness. Therefore, in order to increase evidence in osteopathy, it is relevant to search for instrumental methods that allow recording and measuring objective indicators and their changes after standardized osteopathic correction.

   The aim of the study is to research the effect of general osteopathic treatment on muscle tone using electromyography in practically healthy people.

   Materials and methods. A study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Osteopathy of the Mechnikov NWSMU. 30 practically healthy volunteers without any active complaints, aged 20 to 42 years (median 25 years), took part in the study. The criteria for non-inclusion were the presence of diseases and/or conditions that are an absolute contraindication to osteopathic correction, taking muscle relaxants or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, diseases belonging to the G00-G83 group according to ICD-10, the presence of a trauma history for less than 1 year. All volunteers underwent general osteopathic treatment (GOT) as a standardized variant of osteopathic correction. Before and immediately after the GOT, muscle tone was studied using surface electromyography (sEMG), which was performed on the complex of wireless monitoring of electrophysiological signals «Kolibri» (manufacturer LLC «Neurotech», Russia). At rest, the average amplitude of the electrical activity of the muscles of the upper arms, the interscapular region, the anterior and posterior muscle groups of the thigh and lower leg
were measured. The recording was made simultaneously from several muscle groups, synchronously from the right and left sides of the body.

   Results. After the GOT, a statistically significant decrease in the average amplitude of the thigh anterior surface muscles electrical activity from the median of 8 MV to 4 MV (p = 0,00001), the lower leg anterior surface from the median of 9 MV to 7 mv (p = 0,008) was detected, which indicates their relaxation. The tone of the other muscle groups did not change statistically significantly. The asymmetry of the average amplitude of electrical activity was observed in the studied muscles, which shows an imbalance of tone between symmetrical muscles. In most of the studied muscle groups, this indicator did not change statistically significantly after the GOT. And only in the anterior thigh muscle group, the asymmetry of the average amplitude of electrical activity decreased statistically significantly from the median of 7 MV to 2 MV (p = 0,0046).

   Conclusion. With the help of the sEMG, it was found that one session of GOT leads to a decrease in the tone of the anterior thigh and lower leg muscle groups, as well as a decrease in the asymmetry of the tone of the anterior thigh muscle group. These results can be explained from the standpoint of the GOT effect on skeletal muscles by means of improving the characteristics of the muscle tissue itself and the surrounding fascia, as well as by inhibitory and harmonizing effects on the nervous system, which ensures the maintenance and regulation of muscle tone. Surface EMG can be used to objectively record and measure the results of osteopathic correction to increase the evidence of clinical trials in osteopathy.

   Introduction. The educational program is an important factor of the training quality of a future specialist in the modern system of medical personnel training. The most important indicator of the educational program quality is the educational environment that influences the formation of competencies and the students′ success. Measurements of the educational environment with the help of developed and validated tools make it possible to change it in many ways, which will eventually improve the quality of medical education. To date, the rapid educational environment assessment system developed at the University of Dundee (Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure, DREEM questionnaire) is considered as a valid and reliable tool that is universally accepted for measuring the medical educational environment, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the educational environment according to the educational program under study and determining the direction of improving the educational environment.

   The aim of the study is to evaluate the perception of the educational environment by students of the Institute of Osteopathy (Saint-Petersburg) using the DREEM questionnaire.

   Materials and methods. The study involved 80 students of the Institute of Osteopathy (Saint-Petersburg), studying in residency or professional retraining programs. Participants were surveyed using the DREEM questionnaire, consisting of 50 closed-ended statements, which are grouped into 5 subcategories. I. Students′ perception of the learning process (12 statements). II. Students′ perception of the role of lecturers in the educational process (11 statements). III. Students′ perceptions of their own academic performance (8 statements). IV. Students′ perceptions of the educational atmosphere (12 statements). V. Social self-perception and interaction with the environment (7 statements). Each of the 50 statements is rated on a 5-point scale: «Strongly agree» (4), «Agree» (3), «Not sure» (2), «Disagree» (1) and «Strongly disagree» (0). Satisfaction analysis was also carried out for individual statements.

   Results. The analysis of information obtained using the DREEM questionnaire showed that the educational environment created at the Institute of Osteopathy (Saint-Petersburg) was rated by students as ideal — 165,2 points; doctors studying in the residency educational program rate the educational environment statistically significantly (p < 0,05) higher than those studying in the professional retraining program. Among the students studying in a residency program, the indicators of confidence in their readiness for professional activity are at a fairly high level — 3,5–3,7 points, while among the students studying in a professional training program, the indicators of confidence in their readiness for professional activity are at the level of 2–3,3 points. There are some indicators of the educational environment that require improvement.

   Conclusion. A detailed study of the level of the educational environment perception among students of the Institute of Osteopathy (Saint-Petersburg), studying in various educational programs, made it possible to identify the most problematic areas in the educational process implemented at the Institute, which makes it possible to develop proposals for improving the current educational environment. The issues of organizing social support for students and building confidence in their preparedness for practical activities deserve the greatest attention. It is also recommended to regularly conduct a study of the educational environment satisfaction among students of the Institute of Osteopathy to assess the dynamics of the indicators.

   Introduction. The physical development of the child population is traditionally one of the main indicators of its health and a marker of the social well-being of society. The total dimensions of the body are both hereditary and final effectors of long-term adaptation processes of the child′s body to the effects of the internal and external environment. The integral image of the proportions of the total body dimensions of the individualized and group orders is determined by the anthropometric habitus.

   The purpose of the study is to study the anthropometric habitus, characterize the intragroup features of the total body size of children and adolescents in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

   Materials and methods. In the cross-sectional observation in 2019–2021, 5 143 children and adolescents of the Nizhny Novgorod region aged 7–17 years old, 2 396 boys, 2 747 girls, took part. The program for observing the anthropometric indicators of students was approved by the local ethics committee of PIMU, carried out with the involvement of domestic, certified, trusted equipment.

   Results. The physical development of the population of children and adolescents of the Nizhny Novgorod region shows intra-group tendencies, differences by gender, in the general population array. The presence of three groups of different tempo somatotypes was shown: mesosomatic boys 58,2 % and girls 61,4 %, microsomatic boys 20,9 % and girls 19,7 %, macrosomatic boys 20,9 % and girls 20,9 %. The modern difference in the growth of physical development indicators from 7 to 17 years of age in the gradation of the tempo somatotype showed that: microsomatics increased body length by a greater percentage (by 45,8 %), whereas mesosomatics this percentage was 43,1 %, and macrosomatics 39,9 %; also, MiS increased body weight by a greater percentage (by 190,5 %), in months it is 179,9 % and in MaS 168,5 %; mesosomatics show a greater increase in the circumference of the chest (by 48,3 %), microsomatics by 43,7 %, macrosomatics by 43,5 %, variances of indicator distributions in habitus differentiation show statically significant differences (p < 0,01).

   Conclusion. Planned measures to monitor the anthropometric habitus should be carried out taking into account the belonging of individuals both to a certain age-sex group and to the tempo somatotype, that is necessary and sufficient condition for the successful planning and implementation of medical and preventive measures in the fields of pediatrics, hygiene, sports.

   Endogenous intoxication is a pathological process that develops with the predominance of the formation or intake of toxins over their excretion. Pathological changes occur in the organs of excretion: in the liver, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal organs, on the skin. Chronic intoxication leads to chronic inflammation and fibrosis of target organs, i. e. to a violation of the architectonics of connective tissue. Until recently fibrosis was considered as an irreversible process, and it reduced the interest to its early diagnosis. Currently, there is an opinion that fibrosis is potentially reversible at certain stages. Using ultrasound elastometry, it is possible not only to confirm the presence of fibrosis, but also to quantify the degree of its severity. The article describes a case of a decrease in the severity of liver fibrosis in a comorbid patient with chronic hepatitis C under the influence of complex treatment with the inclusion of osteopathic correction.

   This article provides an overview of literature sources devoted to the peculiarities of the state of occlusion in partial loss of teeth and modern methods of studying occlusive relationships. The clinical picture of partial tooth loss is quite diverse, while changes in occlusive relationships may occur due to the development of deformities of the dentition, the formation of traumatic occlusion, changes in the function of a group of teeth in the presence or absence of antagonists. An increase in the functional load on the preserved teeth entails a structural restructuring of occlusion, which at the initial stages of compensation manifests itself in the form of localized increased erasability of teeth with an increase in the area of occlusal contacts, enamel cracks, and then, as the reserve capabilities of the periodontal decrease, leads to the appearance of mobility and a change in the position of teeth.

   Deconditioning in space from gravity deprivation, the problems of the consequences of modern sedentary lifestyle, bed rest and changes observed in sedentary aging demonstrate similar mechanisms of development, which are interpreted as disorders of mechanotransduction. Tensegrity theory provides the framework for understanding how external and internal mechanical forces influence biological control at the molecular and cellular levels in conditions associated with a sharp and steady disappearance of the gravitational vector signal. Microgravity causes pathologies such as severe loss of bone density and skeletal muscle strength, loss of functional capacity of the cardiovascular system, immune system and other disorders. The effect on the human body for therapeutic and preventive purposes with various parameters of artificial gravity is a modern and highly effective technology of restorative medicine.

   The aim of this lecture is to summarize the most important findings about the effects of gravitational therapy in different, mainly vascular based pathologies according to literary sources.

  In 2023, for the first time, the Russian Osteopathic Association held the competition “Leaders of Osteopathic pathies of Russia". Each winner is a unique personality and a Professional with a capital P. We talked with the laureates and asked them questions about how they came to osteopathy and what it means for them now how to become a real osteopathic doctor and how osteopathy “works”.

   In a debut step, starting a series of events in Russia dedicated to the 150th anniversary of osteopathies, became osteopathic networking on September 15–18, 2023 in Yekaterinburg.