Introduction. The time organization of the body is a set of biorhythms that have different periods, but are consistent with each other over time. Any pathology is an inconsistency of rhythms in the body. To date, the problem of the relationship between different rhythms of the human body is poorly studied. The largest number of publications is devoted to the connection between respiratory and heart rhythms. The goal of research — to identify the correlation between some rhythms of the body in osteopathic patients and the effect of osteopathic correction (OC) on them.

Materials and methods. 100 patients of an osteopathic physician aged 8 to 81 years were examined (37 men and 63 women). All patients underwent a general osteopathic examination. The frequency of the cranial rhythm, the respiration rate (RR), the heart rate (HR), the neural process mobility (NPM) and the «connective tissue motility» were assessed before and after the OC session. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using nonparametric methods and the Statistica 10.0 program. The correlation coeffi cient between the frequencies of different rhythms was calculated by the Spearman method.

Results. On the whole, only one statistically signifi cant correlation was found in the group of examined patients — between RR and NPM (r =–0,33, p<0,05). After OC, the number of statistically signifi cant connections increased, which may indicate a benefi cial effect of OC on the rhythmic integrity of the patient′s body. In the group of children (8–15 years old) and young people (18–34 years old), three correlations between rhythms that can be considered as «normal» were revealed: negative correlation link between heart rate and PNP (r =–0,36, p<0,05), negative correlation link between HR and NPM (r =–0,58, p<0,05), positive correlation link between HR and RR (r =0,68, p<0,05). With age, these correlation links decrease, which can be explained by the alteration of regulatory processes and increase of desynchronosis. The higher is the level of dominant somatic dysfunction (local–regional–global), the lower are statistically signifi cant correlations between biorhythms. This means that the severity of desynchronosis increases. In global somatic dysfunctions and regional somatic dysfunctions of the head and dura mater there are no correlations between biorhythms, i. e. the most pronounced desynchronosis is observed in these groups of patients.

Conclusion. The correlation between some rhythms of the body in osteopathic patients was studied. The most pronounced desynchronosis is observed in global somatic dysfunctions and in regional somatic dysfunctions of the head and dura mater. After OC, the number of statistically signifi cant links between biorhythms increased.

Introduction. Psychoemotional stress contributes to the increase of the muscle tone and the development of general muscle hyperfacilitation. This in turn makes the diagnostics by manual muscle testing impossible and complicates the course of myofascial pain syndrome, which explains the interest of practitioners in methods of its correction. However, possible methods of correction described in literature do not always lead to the desired result, which is the cause of the further search for solutions to this problem. The goal of research — was to determine the clinical effi cacy of Bach remedies selected with the help of vegetative resonance testing and manual muscle testing in treatment of patients with myofascial pain syndrome against the background of generalized hyperfacilitation.

Materials and methods. A prospective, controlled, randomized trial was conducted in the period from January to December 2018 at the Department of Restorative Medicine, Rehabilitation and Balneology at the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. The work is based on the results of observation and treatment of 60 patients aged 21 to 65 years. Before and after the treatment practitioners performed osteopathic diagnostics, manual muscle testing according to the methodology, used in applied kinesiology. Assessment of psychological status was carried out using the Spielberger–Khanin test and Well-being-activity-mood questionnaire (WAM questionnaire). The level of pain manifestation was assessed with the use of the visual analogue scale (VAS). All patients were divided into two statistically comparable groups of 30 people using the method of simple randomization. Patients of both groups underwent osteopathic correction of dysfunctions with a frequency of one time per week, only 3–5 sessions. Patients of the 1st group, in addition to osteopathic treatment, underwent therapy with individually selected Bach remedies.

Results. In all patients of the 1st group, generalized muscle hyperfacilitation regressed already by the 2nd–3rd procedure, while in the 2nd group it was eliminated only by the 4th procedure in 12 (40%) patients, and in the remaining patients it stopped only by the end of the course. The study of the regression of myofascial pain syndrome showed a difference in the rate of occurrence of the analgesic effect in the groups. So, patients of the 1st group experienced a persistent antinociceptive effect after the 2nd procedure, and in the 2nd group a similar effect was noted only by the 4th–5th session. In patients of the 1st group, the severity of pain after treatment averaged 10,4±4,5 points according to VAS, in patients of the 2nd group it averaged 20,3±4,3 points (p<0,01). The results of psychological testing according to the Spielberger–Khanin questionnaire also revealed a positive dynamics in the psychoemotional state of patients of both groups. After treatment, in 27 (90 %) patients of the 1st group, the results of the test showed the norm (<30 points), while in the 2nd group the test showed the norm only in 19 (63,3 %) patients. A comparative analysis of the results of psychological testing by the WAM method, performed at the end of the treatment, showed a positive dynamics in the psychoemotional state (categories of well-being, activity, mood) in patients of both groups, but in the 1st group the changes were more pronounced (p=0,05). It should be noted that only in patients of the 1st group this indicator was in the range of 5–5,5 points after the treatment, which corresponds to the norm criteria for this questionnaire.

Conclusion. The use of Bach remedies individually selected with the help of manual muscle testing and the vegetative resonance testing helps to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome in patients with generalized muscle hyperfacilitation formed against the background of the chronic stress.

Introduction. In a medical center for rehabilitation treatment, the vast majority of military patients are people of middle age (45–59 years according to the WHO classifi cation) and older. Many of them participated in combat activities, special operations, and had injuries of various limitation periods. With age, the number of degenerative changes in the connective tissue, musculoskeletal system, and nervous system increases, which creates biomechanical conditions for the occurrence of acute and chronic pain syndrome of varying intensity. The goal of research — to study the effectiveness and safety of kinesiotherapy in patients of middle and older age groups with acute and chronic pain syndrome.

Materials and methods. From February 2017 to July 2018, a prospective study was carried out in the Medical Center for Rehabilitation Treatment (Korolev), P. V. Mandryka Central Military Clinical Hospital. Patient selection and sampling was carried out by the continuous method. 154 military patients underwent treatment at the Medical Center for Rehabilitation Treatment (Korolev), P. V. Mandryka Central Military Clinical Hospital under our supervision. All patients suffered from acute and chronic pain. Kinesiotherapy was used as a treatment method. All patients were assessed for the severity of pain before treatment, on the fi rst and fi fth days. The safety of the method was evaluated by observing local irritation reactions and systemic allergic reactions.

Results. Kinesiotherapy in the treatment of military patients with acute and chronic pain syndrome allows to reduce the severity of pain, in accordance with the results of the assessment on the fi rst and the fi fth days (differences are statistically signifi cant, p<0,05, Student′s t-test). This treatment method showed high (69,4 %) effectiveness and safety (not a single case of systemic allergic reactions, 4,1 % of cases with local irritation reactions).

Conclusion. This treatment method can be used in cases of acute and chronic myofascial pain syndrome in a hospital setting in middle-aged and older patients. Its use is possible both for quick and prolonged improvement (during 5 days) of the patients′ condition.

Introduction. Degenerative-dystrophic lesion of the spinal joints or spondylarthrosis is one of the most common diseases of the spine. The signs of non-infl ammatory changes in the joints can be detected even in children. The reason for this is the repetitive biomechanical microtrauma. The goal of research — to study the frequency of degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the spinal joints at all the levels in young and middle-aged patients suffering from dorsopathy.

Materials and methods. Radiography of all the regions of the spine was performed with the description of system models of 507 patients: 211 men and 296 women, suffering from dorsopathy. The method of integral study of the spine roentgenograms was used. Systemic models of patients with determined diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (Bekhterev disease) were excluded from the general population. The reason for this was a signifi cant morphological change in the joints and in the spinal column as a whole, due to chronic infl ammation, which is the main manifestation of this disease. Statistical processing was carried out using Microsoft Offi ce Excel 2007.

Results. It was established that with age the frequency of appearance of radiological signs of spondylarthrosis increases. Signs of arthrosis of the zygapophyseal joints appear in the fi rst turn and are the most frequent ones. Arthrosis of the zygapophyseal joints is diagnosed in 70–90 % of patients. Spondylarthrosis of the semilunar joints is diagnosed in almost 80 % of patients. Most often arthrosis of the semilunar joints was observed in the vertebrae CV and CVI. Athrosis of costovertebral joints was registered in 32,7 % of patients. In most cases the joints TVII–TX were affected by this disease. Arthrosis of the sacroiliac joints was diagnosed in an average of 63,8 % of patients, equally often on the left and on the right sides. The interspinal neoarthrosis (Baastrup symptom) was diagnosed at the level of LIII–LV(VI) in 22,6 % of patients and at the level of CI–CII in 2 % of patients.

Conclusion. Radiological manifestations of spondylarthrosis are markers of static and dynamic biomechanical overload of the spinal joints.

Introduction. Modern sports places high demands on the functional systems of the body at all stages of the training and competitive processes. High loads create signifi cant background for the occurrence of musculoskeletal diseases, among which the myofascial syndrome (MFS) holds the leading position. MFS negatively affects the functional readiness of the sportsman′s body and is a risk factor for injuries of the musculoskeletal system. In this regard, timely treatment of MFS is important. It creates the conditions for the improvement of sports achievements, for health maintenance and sports longevity. Treatment of patients with MFS should include methods that normalize trophism and muscle tone. Given the problem of doping, the use of non-drug methods, including osteopathy, is preferable. The goal of research — to develop a system of monitoring and osteopathic correction of myofascial disorders (MFD) and to introduce it into the practice of medical and biological support for sportsmen of different categories and levels during the annual training process.

Materials and methods. 93 sportsmen (45 women and 48 men), mean age 22,1±1,1 years, representing diffe rent sports were examined. The essence of the proposed system is regular clinical and electroneurophysiological monitoring of the body condition and preventive correction of myofascial disorders in order to exclude their infl uence on the success of sports activities.

Results. It was established that the proposed system of monitoring and osteopathic correction led to a signifi cant reduction in clinical and electroneurophysiological manifestations both in local and in extensive forms of myofascial disorders, which allowed to maintain the optimal functional readiness of sportsmen throughout the entire annual training cycle.

Conclusion. The system of monitoring and correction of MFS with the use of osteopathic treatment can be one of the elements of medical and biological support for sportsmen during the annual training process.

Introduction. Low back pain takes one of the leading places among all non-communicable diseases, reaching 70 % of outpatient visits. In 90 % of cases the non-specific nature of back pain is observed. The most common causes of low back pain are myofascial pain syndrome, facet joint arthrosis, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, discal hernias. If NSAIDs and muscle relaxants are the «gold standard» in the treatment of low back pain, interventional treatment needs further studies. This trial was conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of therapeutic blockades. The goal of research — to study the effectiveness of selective injections of pharmaceuticals into pain sources in case of low back pain based on clinical and instrumental studies.

Materials and methods. The prospective, controlled, randomized trial was conducted from January 2018 to January 2019 at the Department of Neurosurgery and Medical Rehabilitation of the Bashkir State Medical University. 42 patients with low back pain, aged from 24 to 54 years, of which 28 (66,7 %) were men and 14 (33,3 %) were women took part in the research and were randomly divided into 2 groups. Patients of the main group (30 people) underwent interventional therapy, from 2 to 7 injections, depending on the severity of the pain syndrome and the duration of the disease. Patients of the control group — 12 people, received treatment in accordance with the standard of medical care in low back pain (analgesics, NSAIDs, muscle relaxants), as well as physiotherapy for 2 weeks daily. The study of the effectiveness of therapy included, along with the neurological examination, a neuroorthopedic instrumental examination. The depth of the lumbar lordosis, flexion and extension restrictions were measured using a curvimeter-goniometer, which also allows measuring the angle of tension symptoms (Lasegue, Wasserman). In order to study rotation and lateroflexion, instruments with a graduated scale were used. Muscle tone and tenderness of the structures of the spine were examined using a myotonometer-tensoalgimeter and a visual analogue scale (VAS). To interpret the data of a comprehensive neuroorthopedic examination, the results were converted into comparable units with the calculation of the integral indicator.

Results. After selective intervention therapy in the main group, a more rapid relief of pain, a regression of neurological symptoms, manifested by the complete elimination or significant reduction of biomechanical and tonus disorders in the lower back were noted.

Conclusion. Selective injections of pharmaceuticals into pain sources in low back pain are more effective than treatment with the use of analgesics, NSAIDs, muscle relaxants and physiotherapy, which allows to recommend them for wider use in clinical practice.

Introduction. Speech disorders are currently observed in an average of 30 % of children of the fi rst grade of school. It means that objectively during the preschool period, one third of the entire population of children have speech function that does not reach the norm and requires additional correction by specialists. In recent years birth injury has been considered one of the possible reasons for the high frequency of speech disorders. As practice shows, the possibilities of drug therapy for children with speech disorders are very limited. That is why it is relevant to expand non-drug methods for the restoration of speech functions. The goal of research — to justify the use of osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in order to improve sound pronunciation in preschool children.

Materials and methods. In the period from 2012 to 2018, a prospective controlled randomized study was performed on the basis of Tyumen Institute of Manual Medicine. The work is based on the results of examination and treatment of 98 preschool children with delayed speech development. 18 people were excluded from the study in accordance with exclusion criteria. Depending on the treatment method used, all patients were divided by simple randomization using the envelope method into two comparable groups (main and control) of 40 people. Patients of both groups underwent a complete speech therapy correction and training course, which included individual lessons. Patients of the main group underwent the same speech therapy, as well as the osteopathic treatment in accordance with the developed algorithm. All patients underwent osteopathic examination and a combined assessment of the severity of speech disorders before and after the treatment.

Results. The study showed that the presence of global, regional and local somatic dysfunctions was typical for children of preschool age with a delay in speech development. Somatic dysfunctions of head, neck and thoracic regions were most often observed. In the course of the treatment, patients of the main group showed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of detection of somatic dysfunctions of head, neck, and thoracic regions, of local somatic dysfunctions of the cranial sutures and the thoracoabdominal diaphragm (p<0,05). In patients of the control group, there was no statistically significant decrease in the number of somatic dysfunctions. In children with impaired speech development who underwent complex therapy, which included osteopathic correction and individual lessons with a speech therapist, there was a significant decrease in the severity of speech disorders compared with patients of the control group (p<0,00001).

Conclusion. Osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions (with a certain sequence of techniques aimed to treat connective tissue disorders, including decompression, elimination of edema and hypoxia in children with delayed speech development), allows to achieve a statistically signifi cant improvement in children′s condition compared with standard treatment.

Introduction. Chronic adenoiditis is one of the most frequent ENT diseases. It is comparatively resistant, and in advanced cases, the pathological process is hardly reversible. Despite the big number of publications on chronic adenoiditis, in a high percentage of cases specialists still encounter frequent recurrence of the disease. That is why issues of standard treatment, especially conservative, the search for adequate and effective methods of medical rehabilitation of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, including in frequently ill children, are timely and relevant. Osteopathic methods of correction can potentially improve blood circulation and the innervation of adenoids, which will increase the clinical effectiveness of conservative treatment, reduce medication period and achieve a longer remission. However, studies on the influence of osteopathic correction on the course of chronic adenoiditis have not been found in the literature available to us. That is why it was necessary to conduct this study. The goal of research — to justify the possibility of using osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of frequently ill children with chronic adenoiditis.

Materials and methods. From January 2018 to March 2019, a prospective controlled randomized study was performed at the MEDSI Clinic (Moscow). Thirty patients with chronic adenoiditis at the age of 4 to 10 years were examined. Patients were divided by the method of simple randomization using a random number generator into two equal groups of 15 people: the main group and the control group. Children of the main group received osteopathic correction along with drug and irrigation therapy for 2 months. In total, 3 osteopathic sessions were conducted with a frequency of 1 time in 14 days. Children in the control group received only pharmacological and irrigation therapy. All patients before the start of treatment and 2 months after the start of treatment were examined by an otorhinolaryngologist with an endoscopic examination, and by an osteopath with the assessment of the main somatic dysfunctions. Otorhinolaryngological examination included history taking and collecting of complaints with fi lling out a special questionnaire, anterior and posterior rhinoscopy, as well as an endoscopic examination of the nasopharynx with the assessment of the revealed changes in points.

Results. After the treatment, the number of complaints and the main symptoms of the disease, the number of changes in the nasopharynx and oropharynx, revealed by the results of endoscopic examination, decreased statistically significantly in patients of both groups. The study showed that regional biomechanical disorders are common for children with chronic adenoiditis. Dysfunctions of head region, neck region (visceral component), thoracic region (structural component) were the most frequent. Against the background of the treatment, patients of the main group presented a decrease in the number of regional somatic dysfunctions. Statistically significant differences were obtained in the frequency of occurrence of somatic dysfunctions: head region, neck region (visceral and structural components), thoracic region (visceral and structural components) (p<0,05). In patients of the control group, a statistically significant decrease in the number of somatic dysfunctions was detected only in the head region (p<0,05). A follow-up assessment of the results of the treatment showed that the inclusion of osteopathic correction in the complex therapy of children with chronic adenoiditis contributes to a longer remission (p<0,05).

Conclusion. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the direct results of osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of frequently ill children with chronic adenoiditis are comparable with the results of isolated pharmacological and irrigation therapy (reduction in the number of complaints and positive changes in the results of endoscopic examination of the nasopharynx). However, the inclusion of osteopathic correction in the complex therapy of such children contributes to a longer remission, which is of great importance for this group of patients. The results of the research suggest a further study of the possibilities of osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in frequently ill children with chronic adenoiditis.

Introduction. According to the defi nition of the World Health Organization (WHO), tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of primary headache. Rehabilitation of patients with chronic tension-type headache continues to be an important socio-medical problem. Its main goal is the most complete restoration of the functions of the musculoskeletal system of the neck, the correction of vascular and psychoemotional problems, and the patient′s return to his everyday life and work. As a rule, the main emphasis in the treatment of such patients is placed primarily on drug therapy. At the same time, practitioners are faced with a number of problems — the low effectiveness of the treatment, the nonpersistency of the results, allergic reactions, polypharmacy and others. All this suggests that there is a need for differentiated rehabilitation treatment of patients with tension-type headache with the use of various non-pharaceutical methods. The goal of research — to evaluate the clinical effi cacy of complex non-drug therapy in patients with tension-type headache.

Materials and methods. The prospective controlled randomized study, which was conducted from October 2017 to March 2019 at the Department of Medical Rehabilitation of the Bashkir State Medical University, included 110 patients with TTH from the age of 20 to 45 years. All patients, depending on the treatment methodology used, were randomly divided into two groups of 55 people. Patients of the main group received complex rehabilitation treatment with the use of non-drug methods: osteopathic correction, acupuncture and exercise therapy. Patients in the control group received treatment in accordance with the standard of medical care for TTH (analgesics, non-steroidal antiinfl ammatory drugs, antidepressants, vasoactive and nootropic drugs). The study of the clinical effectiveness of the therapy included: an assessment of the severity of pain with the use of a visual analogue scale and a tensoalgimeter, a goniometric study with an assessment of the volume of active movements in the cervical spine, transcranial ultrasound dopplerography with an assessment of quantitative indicators in the system of the middle cerebral artery.

Results. The use of complex non-drug therapy in patients with TTH compared with standard drug therapy leads to a signifi cantly more important decrease in the severity of pain, an increase in pain threshold, an increase in the volume of active movements in the cervical spine. The effect of non-drug treatment methods on blood fl ow in the system of the middle cerebral artery is comparable in its effectiveness with the use of pharmaceutical drugs.

Conclusion. The proposed complex rehabilitation treatment of patients with TTH with the use of non-drug methods has shown clinical effi cacy which is comparable, and in a number of indicators, superior to the effectiveness of conventional medical treatment. All this determines the necessity of wider implementation of multidisciplinary non-drug treatment of patients with this pathology.

Introduction. Fractures of the proximal humerus occur in 4–5 % of all fractures and 50–80 % of all fractures of the humerus. The treatment of this type of fracture is a relevant issue. This is due, on the one hand, to a rather high frequency of occurrence of such fractures, and, on the other hand, to a signifi cant probability of the development of persistent functional disorders. The use of osteopathic techniques is possible both in acute (without alteration of the integrity of bone structures) and in chronic injuries of the musculoskeletal system. Their use during the rehabilitation process is especially valuable. Currently, there are few works in the scientifi c literature exploring the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment as part of the comprehensive rehabilitation of this group of patients. The foregoing has predetermined the purpose of this work. The goal of research — to substantiate the possibility of using osteopathic correction in the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with consolidated fractures of the large tubercle of the humerus after conservative treatment.

Materials and methods. From January 2016 to December 2018, in the Arbatsky consultative diagnostic centre at the Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center a prospective, controlled randomized trial was conducted. The study included 30 patients with consolidated fractures of the large tubercle of the humerus. Patient selection and sampling was carried out by the continuous method. Patients were divided into two groups of 15 people by the method of simple randomization with the use of a random number generator. In the main group, therapy consisted of rehabilitation treatment (physiotherapy, exercise therapy) and osteopathic correction, including 3 sessions with an interval of 1 week. Patients in the control group received only rehabilitation treatment. Before and after treatment, all patients underwent an assessment of the severity of pain in accordance with the visual analogue scale, measurement of the volume of active movements in the shoulder joint with the use of a goniometer, assessement of the timing of recovery of shoulder function using the OSS questionnaire, as well as osteopathic examination according to the approved protocol.

Results. Most often, patients with a fracture of the large tubercle of the humerus presented somatic dysfunctions of the thoracic region (both structural and visceral components), as well as chronic local dysfunctions of the sternoclavicular joint, the fi rst rib, individual vertebral motor segments. In patients of both groups receiving both isolated traditional rehabilitation treatment and traditional rehabilitation treatment in combination with osteopathic correction, there was a decrease in the severity of pain and an increase in the volume of active movements in the shoulder joint. Moreover, in the group that additionally received osteopathic correction, lower pain indicators and higher range of motion were noted compared with the control group. Also, the functions of the shoulder joint in patients of the main group were restored faster.

Conclusion. The obtained results confi rm the advisability of including osteopathic correction in the program of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with fractures of the large tubercle of the humerus.

Introduction. In recent years osteopathy has been rapidly developing as an individual medical specialty in the Russian Federation. A growing number of specialists are studying this specialty and represent it in Russia and abroad. A large number of studies clearly demonstrating the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment are being conducted. In addition, the Russian Federation has a regulatory framework according to which osteopathy is regulated by the government. However, many medical doctors, lecturers and students of medical universities do not have a clear understanding of osteopathy and put in question the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment. The goal of research — to study student′s knowledge about the principles, methods and scope of osteopathic treatment in order to develop a program for disseminating relevant information about osteopathy with regard to individual social characteristics.

Materials and methods. We conducted an anonymous survey among students of Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University using special forms. We also used the online tool Google Forms in the social network Vkontakte. 73 respondents took part in the survey. 8 communities from the social network Vkontakte, with the target audience being students of medical Universities, were reviewed. The search for references to osteopathy was made by the keyword «osteopath». A special questionnaire with 22 questions was developed in order to collect the necessary information. The first part of the questionnaire contains 16 questions about the specialty «osteopathy»; the second part (6 questions) allows to study the respondent′s personal characteristics: age, gender, year of studies, presence of medical doctors among family members, participation in the student′s scientific society (SSS). 14 questions from the fi rst part of the questionnaire were dichotomous and 2 questions had 3 or more answer options. 12 questions from the first part were aimed at studying students′ ideas about osteopathy. The correct answer was rated 1 point, the wrong answer — 0. The points obtained during the survey were summed up. In the subsequent processing of the results, the indicators of the respondent′s opinions, evaluated on a 12-point scale, were ranked into 3 groups: from 1 to 4 points — a low level of knowledge, from 5 to 8 points — an average level, from 9 to 12 — a high level.

Results. It was found that 66 % of respondents have a low level of knowledge about the specialty «osteopathy», 30 % have an average level of knowledge, only 4 % of respondents have a high level of knowledge. The results indicate insufficient and extremely low level of awareness about the specialty «osteopathy» among students. Due to the lack of reliable sources of information within the system of education in higher medical educational institutions there is a spread of misconceptions about this specialty. It was established that students involved in SSS had a significantly higher level of knowledge about osteopathy than students who were not involved in SSS, and that students who had medical doctors in their families had a significantly lower level of knowledge about osteopathy than students who did not have medical doctors in their families.

Conclusion. It is necessary to use different ways of informing students about the new medical specialty taking into account their individual characteristics, as well as to introduce awareness-raising about osteopathy (lectures, practical sessions) into the training system within the framework of an optional and/or elective courses, to improve the work of the student scientific society.

Introduction. Glaucoma is one of the most significant eye diseases. It is often diagnosed, not always amenable to therapy, and can lead to a complete loss of visual functions. In recent years, the method of osteopathic correction has become widespread as one of the effective methods of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with pathologies of various body systems. In the pathogenesis of glaucoma, it is customary to distinguish a dystrophic concept, which considers primary open-angle glaucoma as a result of dystrophic changes in the connective tissue, as well as in the endothelial lining of the trabeculae and Schlemm′s canal, especially destructive changes in mitochondria and the alteration of their functional activity. A vascular concept is also distinguished. According to this concept, the central link in the pathogenesis of glaucoma is circulatory disorder in the ciliary vessels, ocular artery, and major vessels of the head and neck, it can be assumed that osteopathic correction in the treatment of patients with open-angle glaucoma will be pathogenetically substantiated and will have a positive effect on intraocular pressure and trophicity of the optic nerve. The goal of research — to study the influence of in osteopathic correction on the nature of unoperated glaucoma (stage IIA) and to substantiate the possibility of using osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients with this pathology.

Materials and methods. A prospective controlled randomized study was conducted at 52 city polyclinics, branch 3, Moscow, from January 2018 to January 2019. 40 patients (70 eyes) aged 50 to 75 years with primary open-angle glaucoma IIA stage were examined. At this stage of the disease, patients most often seek medical care and the issue of conservative management is primarily considered. All patients were divided into two groups of 20 people: the main group and the control group. The treatment in the main group included hypotensive drug therapy and osteopathic correction. Patients of the control group received only drug therapy. All patients underwent ophthalmic (visometry, tonometry, perimetry) and osteopathic examination twice: before the treatment and after 3 months.

Results. For patients with primary open-angle IIA non-operated glaucoma, regional (most often regions of the head, neck, dura mater) and local (abdominal diaphragm, iliac bones, hip and knee joints) somatic dysfunctions were the most typical. In the main group a statistically significant decrease in the frequency and severity of dysfunctions at all levels was stated. Also, in patients receiving osteopathic correction, a significant decrease in the level of intraocular pressure and perimetric indices was noted. In patients of the control group, no reliable changes in these indicators were obtained.

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that osteopathic correction is clinically effective in the complex treatment of patients with primary open-angle II A glaucoma.

The frequency of infertile marriages in the Russian Federation is about 15 %. In 40–60 % of them it is female infertility. The issue of infertility therapy is rather difficult for clinicians, despite the widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies. In Russia, more than 10 000 cycles of assisted reproductive technologies are conducted (ART) per year, the pregnancy rate is 26 %. The high frequency of allergic reactions, the risk of complications, the problem of polypharmacy, and the low level of compliance when prescribing drug therapy pose a difficult challenge for practitioners. That is why in recent years, the interest of the medical community in non-drug therapies has reasonably increased. At the same time, the question about the possibility of combining drug and non-drug methods has long been raised. This article presents a case study from clinical practice, demonstrating the potential of osteopathic correction methods in the treatment of infertility.

Introduction. Craniosacral technique and the concept of «primary respiration» is the most effective branch in modern osteopathy. Historically it goes back to the ideas of W. G. Sutherland, which was documented in the 1930s. However, when studying ancient documents of Traditional Chinese Medicine, some theoretical and technical details appear in the description of the craniosacral system. These details date back to the ancient period of the formation of the canon of Chinese medicine and are unknown to modern osteopaths.

The goal of research — to clarify the historical priorities for describing the craniosacral system and its practical application in the clinical and hygienic aspect.

Methods. We studied the canonical texts of traditional Chinese medicine and Taoism, related to clinical and hygienic manipulations and life extension practices. Authentic epigraphic material with a detailed etymological analysis of ancient hieroglyphs was used in order to determine the anatomical, physiological and clinical views of the ancient people.

Results. The mention of the main elements of the craniosacral system and the description of technical procedures date back to the formation of the medical canon, i. e. before the 3rd century B. C. Real anatomical ideas about the structure and functioning of the skull, spine and sacrococcygeal complex, as well as a detailed description of «primary respiration» are documented in the medical and Taoist canons.

Conclusion. Studying the canonical texts of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Taoist sources basing on the practice «Nourishing Life» can significantly enrich the «toolkit» of modern osteopathy.

The article considers current issues of epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis in pregnant women at the present stage, and demonstrates its effect on the gestational process and perinatal outcomes. The article presents classification of chronic pyelonephritis in pregnant women, the main clinical manifestations, as well as the possibilities for diagnosis of the disease. Both medical and non-medical treatment methods are considered. Particular attention is paid to osteopathic diagnosis and correction of somatic dysfunctions in pregnant women in order to prevent exacerbations of chronic pyelonephritis and reduce the risk of obstetric complications.

The article aims to consider the role of the musculoskeletal system in maintaining the postural balance. It describes two postural strategies (ankle one and hip one). The postural balance is assessed taking into account the «cone of economy». The article considers segmental anatomical and physiological characteristics of the spinal column and joints of the lower extremities participating in maintaining the vertical posture. It also shows the possibilities of non-radiological assessment methods of balance in the diagnosis and correction of postural disorders and diseases of the joints and spine.

This article proposes a graphic synthesis in the form of an illustration of somato-visceral correspondences achieved through a literature review of existing publications about dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes and viscerotomes. Fundamental concepts of osteopathy, correspondence of the medullary levels of innervation between the somatic structures and visceral organs is proposed in the form of a graphic synthesis.

The goal of research. Relevant studies in French, English and German language have been collected. Dedicated search engines, Google Scholar, JSTOR Search, MEDLINE / Pubmed, Web of Science have been consulted as well as all specifi c medical libraries accessible on-line and on-site. Synthesis of collected data has been used to design correspondences between dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes and viscerotomes.

Conclusion. The aim of this systematic review suggests a graphical synthesis correspondence of the innervation areas in human body between somatic structures and visceral structures and organs. These illustrations of a neurological correspondence between structures highlight the principles of global management for a person carrying somatic dysfunctions. Further experimental investigations using imaging tools and current technological advances should help to a more complete elaboration of neurological correspondences between structures as well as understand the process of osteopathic therapy effectiveness.

The article aims to summarize modern ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of cervical pain syndromes. It presents the latest data on the frequency of occurrence of various pain syndromes, and modern aspects of the etiopathogenesis of cervical pain syndrome. Three main types of pain are considered in detail, depending on the leading pathogenetic mechanism, which can be nociceptive, neuropathic, and dysfunctional.

The goal of research. The purpose of this work was to assess the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment aimed to improve the quality of life of patients receiving chemotherapy.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted by four osteopaths at the oncology departments of four hospitals in Paris region. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients of the first group received osteopathic treatment first, and then a placebo was used. Patients of the second group received the placebo first and then osteopathic treatment. We used a cross-protocol during two consecutive courses of treatment: each patient served as his or her own control. During the treatment stage osteopathic therapy was used; when the patient was control, the osteopathic treatment was imitated. A modified QLQ-C30 questionnaire was used as an evaluation criterion. It was fi lled in three times: before osteopathic treatment (control), after real treatment (treatment) and after simulated treatment (placebo).

Results. The study involved 40 patients — 27 women and 13 men. The differences between the treatment and control stages were very highly significant for such criteria as nausea, vomiting and shortness of breath, highly significant for such criteria as fatigue, and significant for such criteria as pain and sleep disturbance. Efficiency was statistically higher compared with placebo for all of these criteria. No differences were found associated with the sequence of real or simulated treatment, as well as with the variability of osteopaths in different centers.

Conclusion. The results of this study indicate that osteopathy is a clinically effective method of correction of side effects in patients receiving chemotherapy. These results are interesting enough to suggest that the presence of osteopaths at oncology departments may be useful for cancer patients. Subsequent studies should confirm these results and quantify the effectiveness of osteopathic correction, so that it could be fully integrated into the classical treatment.