The article explores the issues in applying state risk-oriented oversight (supervision) approach over the activity of business entities and individuals providing medical services, including those of osteopathic medicine. The authors describe the models used by the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare and Social Development (Roszdravnadzor) and the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor). The article defi nes the goals of the Russian Osteopathic Association to improve quality management system and risk assessment system. The study examines the laws and legislations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian federation, and research papers. The authors use different research methods: method of scientifi c hypothetico-deductive cognition, general logic methods and methods of research - analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction.

The article examines possible physiological mechanisms allowing osteopathic physicians to develop the sensitivity of tactile and proprioceptive receptors. The sense of touch is one of the most important tools to be developed by osteopathic physicians. This development is possible in all the levels of the nervous system. There are pre-existing physiological conditions, especially those in the cerebral cortex, that aim to improve the sense of touch. The more doctors are motivated to master their fi eld and to practice in the area of expertise, the better the sense of touch is.

Goal of research - the study aims to identify characteristic features that create a personal and social image of a doctor of osteopathic medicine.Materials and methods. The study was conducted with undergraduate students (fi rst year to forth year), and graduates (including the teaching staff) of St. Petersburg Institute of Osteopathy. The information was obtained from anonymous surveys completed onsite and remotely.Results. The following image of a doctor of osteopathic medicine is based on the results of this paper. This professional group includes men and women, the majority of them worked as neurologists and chiropractors rather than other medical specialists. Most of them have families with more children than in the average family of doctors. Doctors of osteopathic medicine are specialists with a high potential for personal development and professional growth.Conclusions. The analysis of the professional group in the study sample showed that the majority of respondents specialized in neurology, chiropractic medicine and pediatrics. The main motivation for choosing osteopathy is the professional growth. The created image of a doctor-osteopath is intended to help future specialists compare themselves with this professional group and overcome inevitable doubts about competency.

Ntroduction. Treatment of tension-type headache (TTH) presents a complex problem. The modern approach consists in the primary use of drug therapy. At the same time, insuffi cient attention is paid to non-drug treatment methods, including osteopathy.Goal of research - the study aims to identify the somatic dysfunctions that accompany TTH and to analyze their relationship to other objective and subjective signs of the disease. Materials and methods. The study included 30 people (ages 21-27 years old), including 16 patients with episodic TTH, and 14 patients with chronic TTH. The authors used the results of clinical and neurological examination, clinical osteopathic examination, X-ray analysis of the cervical spine, MRI of the brain, visual analogue scale for pain.Results. The osteopathic diagnostics detected the following dominant somatic dysfunctions: patients with episodic TTH presented with dysfunctions in areas of the dura mater, the head and neck, the global rhythmogenic alteration of cranial rhythmic impulse; patients with chronic TTH presented with dysfunctions of head, global rhythmogenic alteration of cranial rhythmic impulse, global neurodynamic disorder (psychoviscerosomatic).Conclusions. TTH patients present with somatic dysfunctions that can appear at different levels in the body. In the case of episodic TTH, the majority of dysfunctions are regional in nature (81 %), whereas in the case of chronic TTH most of the dysfunctions are related to the global level (79 %). The study determined no correlation between subjective descriptive characteristics of pain, localization of pain, and predisposing factors, which are indicated by patients and detected by dominant somatic dysfunctions.

Goal of research - the study aims to examine the clinical and neurophysiological criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment for patients with myofascial pain.Materials and methods. The authors conducted a complex clinical and instrumental examination of 40 people of working age with myofascial pain syndrome of the humeroscapular region. The control group included 20 presumably healthy volunteers of the same age and sex as the main group of subjects of the study. Each patient was subjected to clinical and neurological examinations, neuro-orthopedic and osteopathic examinations, and psychological testing. The electro-neurophysiological part of the work consisted in the study of somatosensory evoked potentials, and polysynaptic refl ex excitability.Results. The authors determined a correlation between the data of the psychological study, the parameters of the blinking refl ex and somatosensory evoked potentials.Conclusion. The data obtained from the complex clinical and neurophysiological examination allow substantiating the pain syndrome before and after treatment. The data can be used as one of the criteria for diagnosis and effectiveness of the treatment of myofascial, in particular, humeroscapular, pain syndrome.

Goal of research - the study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and scientifi c basis for the use of osteopathic correction in the treatment of cognitive impairment.Materials and methods. Two groups of patients participated in the study: Group 1 (focus group) included 22 patients with a syndrome of mild cognitive impairment who received medication and osteopathic correction; Group 2 (control group) consisted of 22 patients who received medication only. The groups were comparable in age, sex, and severity of cognitive impairment. All patients observed before and after treatment underwent complex osteopathic and neuropsychological examinations.Results. The study found that the inclusion of osteopathic correction in the treatment of patients with mild cognitive impairment has a positive effect on the dynamics of a number of neuropsychological tests. In particular, there is a statistically signifi cant increase in the indicators based on the results of the Montreal Cognitive Evaluation Scale; there is a decrease in the overall anxiety level based on the results of the Hospital Alarm and Depression Scale. Moreover, the focus group shows a statistically signifi cant decrease in the severity of somatic dysfunction in the head and neck area, both structural and visceral components, which was not observed in the control group.Conclusion. The results from the study suggest recommending the inclusion of osteopathic correction in the complex therapy for patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Goal of research - the study aims to identify the severity of pain syndrome and changes in the range of head motions in patients with cervical dorsopathy in different age groups and to develop recommendations for osteopathic correction of this pathology.Materials and methods. The study examined 90 patients with pain syndrome associated with osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. The patients were divided into three groups: the 1st group - young patients aged 18-44 years, the 2nd group - middle-aged patients aged 45-59 years, the 3rd group - elderly patients aged 60-89 years. Each group consisted of an experimental and control subgroup of 15 people each. The clinical characteristics included an assessment of the pain syndrome intensity using a visual analog scale and a goniometer assessment of the changes in the range of the head motions. The measurements were carried out in rotation, in the sagittal and frontal planes.Results. After a course of therapy, the intensity of pain syndrome in patients of control groups decreased 2.8 times, and decreased 20 times in patients of experimental group. The osteopathic correction was most effective in patients of young and middle ages. The patients of all groups experienced an increase in the range of head motions in sagittal and frontal planes, in younger patients the change was more prominant. The range of motions in rotation also increased, but in older patients of the experimental group it was greater than in the control group of the same age group.Conclusion. It is established that osteopathic correction in combination with medication contributes to a more pronounced decrease in the intensity of pain syndrome and to an increase in the range of head motions in the sagittal, frontal planes and in rotation. The effectiveness of osteopathic correction is higher in patients of young and middle ages. It is suggested using osteopathic correction in addition to medication therapy and physiotherapy when treating patients with dorsopathy of the cervical region.

Goal of research - the study aims to compare and evaluate of the functional state of the bodies of young children who were born with the help of medical labor induction and surgical delivery.Materials and methods. The authors conducted a complex clinical and instrumental examination of 150 young children of different sex, born via medical labor induction and surgical delivery. Modern clinical and physiological and experimental methods were used in the study. Results. The study revealed adverse functional changes in children′s health due to the characteristics of delivery. Children born via medical labor induction showed more pronounced changes in the functional state of the body compared with the children born via surgical delivery.Conclusion. The results of the correlation analysis showed that in comparison with the operative delivery, medical labor induction leads to stronger and more numerous interrelations between the factors of the functional state of children′s bodies, which is an unfavorable sign.

Goal of research - the study aims to examine the osteopathic profi le of children with dysarthria and to develop recommendations for osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in 2-3 year old children presenting this pathology.Materials and methods. 30 2-3 year old children with the symptoms of dysarthria took part in the research. All the children were divided into 2 groups: the control group of 15 children received standard treatment, and the experimental group of 15 children received both standard and osteopathic treatment. The dysarthria severity and the osteopathic profi le were evaluated with account of the number of somatic dysfunctions at global, regional, and local levels.Results. The osteopathic correction was shown to have a positive effect on dysarthria severity. The study established a correlation between the dysarthria severity in children and the number of somatic dysfunctions at the local level.Conclusion. The study suggests using osteopathic correction of somatic dysfunctions in the complex therapy of dysarthria in children.

Goal of research - the study aims to justify the statement that osteopathy is an effective method of diagnostics and treatment.Materials and methods. The study examined 5 000 patients with different clinical symptoms who underwent osteopathic treatment sessions. A variety of osteopathic techniques were used: e. g. soft tissue techniques, articulations, muscle energy techniques and trusts, fascial techniques, strain-counterstrain, visceral techniques on the thoracic and abdominal cavities, cranial techniques, etc. In some cases, the following additional research methods were used: electroencephalography, echocardiogram, Doppler sonography, etc.Results. All the patients showed signifi cant improvement in the condition with complete regression of clinical symptoms and with the improvement of the results of additional research methods.Conclusion. The osteopathic treatment has shown to be highly effective in diagnostics and correction in this group of patients. It corresponds to the basic principles of medicine of the future.

In order for osteopathy to be included in the system of medical services in France, it is necessary to assess the effectiveness and its role in public healthcare and preventive care. The article suggests studying the research methods adapted to the applied research of osteopathy, with the integration of human and subjective measurement of this new branch of medicine. It is necessary to do research on separating the technical part of the osteopathic session from the relational part using the tools of analysis of evidence-based medicine in order to offer a rational perception-focused practice. Moreover, the therapeutic status of osteopathy should be discussed.It is important to create epistemology of osteopathy, to defi ne dysfunction, to clarify techniques, their purposes and effectiveness, to evaluate a treatment session from the point of view of psychology, anthropology, sociology, and philosophy, in addition to clinical research.