The article describes the main objects of osteopathic influence in the body and the caused effects. The effects of osteopathic correction can occur at different times after the session and can be recorded using various clinical and instrumental methods. This should be taken into account when prescribing a re-examination of the patient to confirm the treatment results. A brief review of randomized controlled trials proving the efficacy of osteopathic correction in various diseases is also presented.

Introduction. Among dentists, the prevalence of major occupational diseases is higher than among medical professionals in general. Thus, under the influence of professional physical exertion, functional and structural changes occur in the joints, changing their mobility. More than 50 % of dentists have various types of musculoskeletal pathology, and at least half of them are disorders in the cervical spine. A number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the osteopathic correction in the treatment of cervical pain syndromes. However, the possibility of osteopathic correction in the treatment of occupational diseases among medical workers has not been specifically considered.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment of cervicalgia in dentists experiencing prolonged professional overload.

Materials and methods. Under observation there were 30 patients — dentists (13 men and 17 women, age 35–55 years) with a previously established diagnosis of Cervicalgia (duration of the disease 1–5 years). The patients were divided into the main (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The control group of patients received a set of physical therapy exercises. The main group of patients additionally received three sessions (1 every 10 days, duration 45 min) of osteopathic correction. Before and after the course of treatment, the detection frequency of somatic dysfunctions, life quality (a short version of the World Health Organization questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF was used), pain syndrome severity (by a 100-point visual analog scale), and active movements volume in the cervical spine (by a medical goniometer) were evaluated.

Results. At the study beginning in the both groups there were most often detected somatic dysfunctions in the following regions: cranio-cervical region (sphenobasillary synchondrosis (SBS), С_0–I, С_II–III and С_VI–VII vertebralmotor segments (VMS) of the cervical spine), pelvic region (sacrum, pubic joint), thoracic region (diaphragm, sternoclavicular joint, Th_VI–VII and Th_II–III VMS of the thoracic spine). After the treatment, positive statistically significant (p<0,05) dynamics was observed in the main group for all of the above dysfunctions, and in the control group only for disorders of SBS, VMS С_0–I, sacrum, VMS Th_VI–VII. There were significant (p<0,05) difference between groups by the detection frequency of SBS, pubic articulation and diaphragm dysfunctions. After the treatment, patients in both groups had a statistically significant (p<0,05) improvement in the life quality by the «physical and mental well-being» domain, and in the main group these changes were statistically significantly (p<0,05) more pronounced. After the therapy course completion, the pain intensity in patients of the main group decreased to an average of 6 points, in 13 patients the pain symptom was completely eliminated. In the control group, the pain syndrome intensity decreased to an average of 35 points, none of the patients had a complete pain absence. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (p<0,05). After the therapy course, a statistically significant (p<0,05) increase in flexion, extension, lateroflexion to the right and left, rotation to the left was noted in the main group; and in the control group the significant positive dynamics was noted with respect to flexion and lateroflexion in both directions, rotation to the left. The groups began to differ significantly (p<0,05) by the volume of lateroflexion to the left and inflection in the cervical spine.

Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to recommend the use of osteopathic correction in the treatment of occupational diseases of the cervical spine in dentists.

Introduction. Shoulder pain is one of the most common causes of disability in the population. Modern approaches to the treatment of shoulder pain syndrome give preference to the use of drug therapy. However, frequent side effects remain relevant the wider introduction of non-pharmacological methods of treatment. Osteopathy is one of such promising method. In this regard, the assessment of the effectiveness of osteopathic correction of patients with humeroscapular pain syndrome is in demand.

The aim to substantiate the possibility of using osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients with shoulder pain syndrome.

Materials and methods. The study involved 40 patients with shoulder pain syndrome. By the method of randomization using randomization envelopes, the 20 patients were included in the control group and the 20 patients in the main group. Participants of the control group received standard drug and physiotherapy treatment, participants of the main group additionally received a course of osteopathic correction. In both groups, before and after treatment, there were assessed the osteopathic status, the severity of pain syndrome by a 10-point visual analogue scale, the state (functioning) of the shoulder joints, and daily life activities by a 30-point Swanson scale. The duration of temporary disability in both groups was also recorded.

Results. At the start of the study, a number of regional (most often — the neck region, structural component, and the chest region — visceral and structural component) and local (most often — the shoulder joint and temporomandibular joint) somatic dysfunctions were detected in patients with humeroscapular syndrome. After treatment in the main group, a statistically significant (p<0,05) positive dynamics was recorded in relation to disorders of the neck region (structural component), thoracic region (visceral and structural component), and pelvic region (structural component). In the control group, significant positive dynamics was observed only in relation to disorders of the thoracic region (visceral component). The groups began to differ significantly (p<0,05) by the disorders detection frequency of the neck and pelvis region (structural component). Also a statistically significant (p<0,05) positive dynamics was recorded in relation to disorders of the shoulder joint and temporomandibular joint in the main group, and in the control group it was detected only in relation to the shoulder joint disorders. At the start of the study, patients in both groups were characterized by a fairly intense pain syndrome (mean score over seven in both groups). After treatment, significant (p<0,05) positive dynamics was observed in both groups, but in the main group the result was significantly (p<0,05) more pronounced: 1,6±0,89 points in the main group versus 2,7±0,86 points in the control group. The shoulder joints state and the daily life activity at the study start moment were characterized by relatively low rates — the average total value was no more than 15 points in both the control and main groups. After the treatment, significant (p<0,05) positive dynamics was observed in both groups, but in the main group the result was more pronounced: 28,0±1,86 points in the main group versus 22,1±2,34 points in the control group (p<0,05). The average duration of temporary disability in days was 8,1±1,07 days in the main group and 15,0±1,84 days in the control group, the difference between the groups is statistically significant (p<0,05).

Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, it can be assumed that osteopathic correction included in the complex treatment contributes to faster recovery of the patient, improvement of the shoulder joint functioning, pain relief and increased daily life activity, and this allows us to recommend it for use in patients with such pathology.

Introduction. Pain during childbirth and pain after childbirth are unavoidable. Most often, the occurrence of pelvic pain syndrome after childbirth is associated with the manifestation of physiological changes in the joints and bones of the pelvis during pregnancy and during childbirth. The musculoskeletal system of a woman after childbirth passes to normal functioning gradually, and some stages of this process may be accompanied by pain syndrome of various localization and severity. In the late postpartum period and during lactation, non-drug treatment of pain syndrome is preferable. One of the promising non-drug approaches may be the timely application of osteopathic correction methods. However, the available scientific literature presents relatively few studies on the possibility of osteopathic methods using for the pelvic pain syndrome correction in women at the postpartum period.

The aim of the study was to research the possibility of osteopathic correction inclusion in the complex therapy of pelvic pain syndrome in women at the late postpartum period.

Materials and methods. A group of women after physiological childbirth was randomly formed homogeneous by age, parity of childbirth. The study involved 40 primiparous women aged 30–40 years with no organic diseases, and with the presence of pelvic pain syndrome, which first appeared in the late postpartum period (2–8 weeks after physiological birth through the natural birth canal). Two groups were formed by the randomization envelopes method: the main group (20 participants) and the control group (20 participants). In both groups, the patients received therapy in the form of applications of anesthetic ointments (gels), the use of the Lyapko applicator, elements of therapeutic physical culture (static gymnastic exercises in the supine position). Patients of the main group additionally received osteopathic correction (3 sessions with an interval of 10–14 days). Before and after treatment, osteopathic status, quality of life according to the MOS-SF-36 questionnaire, and intensity of pain syndrome according to the visual analog scale (VAS) were assessed in both groups.

Results. Prior to the treatment start in the both groups, patients had biomechanical disorders of the neck region (structural component — in 50 % of the participants in the main group and 40 % of the control group), thoracic region (structural component — in 55 and 60 %, respectively), lumbar region (structural component — 95 and 55 %, and the visceral component — 45 and 20 %), the pelvic region (structural component — 100 and 95 %). In the main group, regional biomechanical disorders of the pelvic region were also detected, the visceral component — in 50 % of the participants. After the treatment, the patients of both groups had no regional biomechanical disorders of the thoracic region (structural component), the lumbar region (visceral component), and the pelvic region (visceral component). In the main group, in addition, there was a statistically significant (p<0,05) positive dynamics in relation to dysfunctions of the neck region (structural component), lumbar region (structural component), pelvic region (structural component). The groups began to differ significantly (p<0,05) in relation to the following regional disorders: lumbar region (structural component) and pelvic region (structural component). At the study start, the participants in the both groups were characterized by low quality of life, assessed by SF-36, and severe pain by VAS. After the treatment in both groups, there were statistically significant (p<0,05) positive dynamics in all of the above indicators: the pain syndrome severity decreased, and the life quality indicators increased; and in the main group the results were statistically significantly (p<0,05) more pronounced.

Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to recommend the inclusion of osteopathic correction in the complex therapy of pelvic pain syndrome in women at the late postpartum period. But also it is recommended to continue the study with the involvement of a larger number of participants.

Introduction. The main medical consequences of amputations are: phantom pain syndrome, degenerative changes in soft tissues, increased muscle tone of the stump, deterioration of microcirculation in the amputated limb. Methods of rehabilitation of such patients are physical therapy, physiotherapy, psychotherapy, mechanotherapy. The search for new methods of rehabilitation of patients with amputation of the lower limb is constantly underway due to the social significance of this disease. Osteopathic correction has proven effects of normalization of muscle tone, improvement of blood circulation, which can be assessed using infrared thermography.

Aims: to evaluate the effect of osteopathic correction on blood circulation in the stump in patients with transtibial amputation.

Materials and methods. The study includes 30 patients (21 men and 9 women) with transtibial amputation, undergoing diagnostic examination using infrared thermography on an outpatient basis in Albrecht Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled. Patients were divided in two groups in random: main group (n=15), receiving osteopathic correction, and control group, receiving sham therapy. Both groups were divided in subgroups depending on amputation cause: cardiovascular diseases and trauma. Regardless the group infrared thermography was performed before and after first session of therapy or osteopathic correction and before and after second session. On thermograms, the temperature of the distal part of the stump was evaluated, the second limb — in the projection of the distal part of the stump.

Results. The method of infrared thermography objectively confirmed the positive effect of osteopathic correction on blood flow in the lower leg stump: in patients with traumatic and vascular genesis of amputation — in the form of a decrease in the severity of distal hypothermia after the first, before the second and after the second session of osteopathic correction compared to the data before osteopathic correction. In the control group, there was also a statistically significant increase in the temperature of the distal part of the stump after the first session and the second sessions of sham therapy, which returned to its original values before the second session, which indicates the short-term nature of the changes.

Conclusion. The study showed an improvement in blood circulation in the truncated limb, confirmed by an increase in the temperature of the stump in patients with transtibial amputation of traumatic and vascular genesis, which underwent osteopathic correction.

Introduction. Currently, varicocele remains a largely unresolved problem in urology, and this makes it necessary to search for additional, including non-pharmacological, methods of treatment. In recent years, the effectiveness of osteopathic correction of patients with chronic venous insufficiency has been shown. However, at this moment, the use of osteopathic methods in the treatment of varicocele is not widely used, which makes it relevant to conduct research on this topic.

The aim is to explore the possibility to use the osteopathic correction in adolescents with varicocele.

Materials and methods. The study involved 40 participants aged 13–17 years. Two groups were formed: the main group (20 patients), whose participants received drug treatment and a course of osteopathic correction, and the control group (20 patients, data were collected retrospectively), whose participants received only drug therapy. For both groups, there were collected the parameters (before and after treatment) that characterize the state of the venous network of the spermatic cord (presence/absence of testicular hypotrophy, of cremaster reflex and of a positive Valsalva test; as well as the diameter of the cremaster veins and the value of the resistance index), and information on the presence/absence of pain syndrome.

Results. In the control group, whose participants received only drug therapy, there was a significant (p<0,05) increase in the number of detected cases of pain syndrome and a positive Valsalva test, as well as a significant (p<0,05) increase in cremaster vein diameter at the end of treatment. Participants of the main group, who received osteopathic correction in addition to conservative therapy, were characterized by a significant (p<0,05) decrease in the diameter of the cremaster veins and an increase in the resistance index, the results differed significantly (p<0,05) from the corresponding values in the control group. Also, in the main group at the time of completion of treatment, there were recorded a statistically significantly (p<0,05) lower number of cases of pain syndrome, a positive Valsalva test, and the absence of a cremaster reflex in comparison with the control group.

Conclusion. The results obtained in the framework of this pilot study allow us to positively assess the prospects for the use of osteopathic correction in the treatment of varicocele in adolescents. It is recommended to continue research in this direction over a longer period of time and on a larger sample size, with the obligatory formation of a parallel control.

Introduction. Osteopathic correction (OC) is aimed to eliminate somatic dysfunctions, which are reversible structural and functional disorders of tissue mobility. Adaptation mechanisms of the organism imply structural 

The aim of the study is to investigate the fundamental possibility of using functional (not nosological) autoimmunological indicators to evaluate the results of osteopathic correction.

Materials and methods. The prospective study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Osteopathy of the Mechnikov NWSMU and the Institute of Osteopathy (Saint-Petersburg) in 2020–2021. 10 young and middle-aged people (20–52 years old) were examined. Patients underwent osteopathic correction in the amount of 2–3 sessions. Patients were examined according to the algorithms of osteopathic diagnostics; the ratio of antibody titers to 24 autoantigens of various body tissues and organs was evaluated using the ELI-Viscero-Test-24 method before and after the OC courses.

Results. The relative content of autoantibodies to the main connective tissue protein collagen significantly (p=0,037) increased from a median value of 6 % (Q1–Q3 2–9 %) to 11 % (Q1–Q3 2–22 %). The other autoimmunological indicators varied in different directions.

Conclusion. It is likely that OC triggers the processes of connective tissue restructuring, which are reflected in an increase in the indicators of auto-AT to collagen. Changes in other autoimmunological indicators require more detailed studies on a larger sample.

Described clinical case shows positive results of osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of syndrome of pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome attract attention because of the ambiguity of the etiology, pathogenesis and lack of effectiveness the treatment algorithm to achieve a stable result. We have developed and put in our practice own interdisciplinary algorithm which allows us to diagnose and resolve somatic dysfunctions before dental treatment. The purpose of that is increasing of adaptive functions of the body to changes in the dental system during the treatment. At the same time, dental treatment has to be with osteopathic support which levels increased load on adaptation mechanism which changes during dental bite correction. The interdisciplinary algorithm proposed by us allows us to evaluate the prognosis of the effectiveness of treatment of TMJ at the earliest diagnostic stages.

This article presents information regarding the original concept proposed by the American osteopath S. Typaldos — Fascial Distortion Model. This paper describes the diagnostic approach and the therapeutic techniques principles of the model. The article focuses on the theoretical substantiation of the model from the currently available modern data in the field of anatomy and physiology of the connective tissue (fascia) point of view. Also parallels are drawn between therapeutic FDM manipulations and therapeutic techniques of other manual methods known in Russia.

The analysis of scientific publications on the regulatory effect of peroxide anion radicals and electronic activation of the body on the function of osteogenesis and associated systems of the body is presented according to the following information sources: Scopus database, MEDLINE, Web of Science, eLibrary.ru, Google academy for the availability of peer-reviewed original and review publications on the key words: osteogenesis, musculoskeletal system, reoxygenation, hormonal regulators, electron-donor activity, associated water phase, rehabilitation, on the basis of which search phrases on the research topic were formed. Based on a number of evidencebased scientific studies on the regulatory effect of peroxide anion radicals and electronic activation on biological processes (changes in the functional state of the liver, hematological parameters, macro- and microelement composition of liquid media and animal organs, the course of reparative processes in damaged tissues), a biophysical mechanism of systemic homeostatic action of oxygen anion radicals is proposed. This mechanism consists in antihypoxic and detoxifying action during reoxygenation of ischemic tissues, in increasing proliferative activity and shifting osteogenesis regulators (sRANKL-OPG system) towards osteoprotegerin. At the same time, the processes of binding of intracellular free calcium and trace elements in osteoblasts, activation of the macrophage reaction, neoangiogenesis and restoration of myeloid tissue in the area of bone breakdown occur. It is shown that the use of micellar mechanoactivated calcium carbonate as a source of formation of peroxide anion radicals in an aqueous medium leads to a decrease in the redox state and stabilization of cell pH, activation of mitochondrial activity accompanied by intensification of metabolism, including the exchange of micro- and macroelements, improvement of the functions of the antioxidant defense system and nonspecific immunity of the body, stabilization of physiological and biochemical parameters and the functional state of internal organs. 

Objectives. Relying on the Thegosis theory, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the clenching of teeth on the posture with a stabilometric platform.

Method. Thirty-two subjects divided into two groups, Bruxism and Control using criteria from O. F. Molina and al., have passed two series of three stabilometric measures: unclenched teeth then clenched teeth. Posturological parameters analyzed in this study are: X-moyen, Y-moyen, Surface, LFS, VFY.

Results. Statistical analysis of the data reveals significant differences for the X-moyen, the Surface and the VFY. Conclusion. This study shows that if unclenched teeth, bruxer subjects have a similar posture to the control subjects, clenched teeth have different postures and clenching of teeth tends to stabilize the bruxers and destabilize the control subjects.