Osteopathic status of children with scoliotic disease

Introduction. Scoliosis is a multifactorial disease of the spine that has a high social significance at school age. There is a involvement in the process of the disease not only of the musculoskeletal system (MS), but also of other organs and systems, and therefore it is advisable to use the term «scoliotic disease» Analysis of the osteopathic status of children with scoliotic disease will potentially help to expand the understanding of its etiopathogenesis, as well as to develop comprehensive schemes of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.

The aim of the study: to study the osteopathic status of children with scoliosis.

Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study was carried out at the Children′s Rehabilitation and Education Center № 76 (Moscow) from September 2023 to September 2024. Inclusion criteria: age 10–15 years; scoliosis of I–III degree (according to the Cobb method); incomplete skeletal growth according to the Risser criterion; pathologies of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in the compensation stage; absence of diseases of the nervous system; absence of acute injuries and infectious diseases; informed consent of the patient′s parents to participate in the study. Criteria for non-inclusion: grade IV scoliosis; history of spinal surgery; epilepsy; spina bifida; vertebral abnormalities; cerebral palsy; osteomyelitis; limb paresis; malignant neoplasms. 100 children (62 girls and 38 boys) were selected. Age 10–15 years, median 13 years. The duration of the disease is 1–14 years, the median is 3 years. According to the results of measuring the Cobb′s angle, 25 people were determined to have grade I scoliosis, 65 people had grade II, and 10 people had grade III. All patients had their osteopathic status assessed according to clinical guidelines.

Results. In the examined children with scoliosis, somatic dysfunctions (SD) of all three levels of manifestation were revealed. The most characteristic were dysfunctions at the regional level: pelvic structural and visceral components; thoracic structural and visceral components; neck visceral component; lumbar structural component. Global biomechanical disorders were diagnosed as dominant SDs in 6 % (all with grade III scoliosis), in the remaining patients, regional biomechanical SDs dominated, of which the most common were biomechanical SDs of the thoracic region structural component (37 %).

Conclusion. From 1 to 3 biomechanical somatic dysfunction of the axial regions were revealed in all the examined, but only in the III degree of scoliosis there were the signs of a global biomechanical disorder.

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