Assessment of reserve capacities of the body of children and adolescents in conditions of population physiological monitoring

Introduction. It is relevant to develop and implement innovative methods for identifying the initial stages of functional stress in modern children and adolescents, determining the reserve capabilities of the body using regional evaluation centile tables, calculating integral standardized indices, to optimize the level of both medical and pedagogical control and population monitoring.
The aim of the study: is to assess the functional reserves of children and adolescents in the Nizhniy Novgorod region in different exoenvironments using the index of the body′s reserve capabilities.
Materials and methods. Determination of the index of reserve capacity of the body (IRCB) of 5034 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years (2 332 boys, 2 702 girls), based on the results of measuring physiometric indicators with the conversion of their absolute values into the range of centile intervals of the regional standard, logarithmization according to the innovative formula.
Results. The presented physiometric indicators of children and adolescents signifi cantly (p<0,05) correlate with the index of reserve capabilities of the body IRCB: weak connections (r=0,2–0,3) with vital capacity of the lungs, hand dynamometry, negative averages (r=–0,4–0,5) with functional tests of Stange, Genchi, body weight. Dispersion analysis of IRCB showed average values of the IRCB index in the range of 0,6–0,81, a signifi cant difference (p<0,05) between age was revealed, homogeneity of this characteristic was shown between sex groups (p=0,861). Good and excellent IRCB indices were found in 55,78 and 20,44 % of cases, satisfactory in 20 % and unsatisfactory in 5 % of cases, respectively. IRCB indices signifi cantly (p<0,05) rank with the level of environmental stress in the areas of residence, their values are reduced in 7,38 % of children of all ages in areas with critical environmental stress. Signifi cant (p<0,001) differences in IRCB index values were found in the context of areas of residence, according to social (urban/rural: χ²=40,29; Df=3; p=0,001) and geographical (north/south: χ²=41,54; Df=3; p=0,001) characteristics.
Conclusion. The results of the study showed that a comprehensive assessment of the body′s functional reserve characterizes the physical development of children and adolescents as a refl ection of the combined manifestation of their hereditary properties, living environment conditions, Frequency distributions of IRCB scores in the range from unsatisfactory to excellent demonstrate the sensitivity of the index to a complex of environmental factors. IRCB as a unifi ed normalized index complements the standard arsenal of indicators, improves the quality of assessing the level of functional state of modern students in real time, without the use of additional instrumental examinations when conducting scientifi c population monitoring and in the implementation of current medical and pedagogical control.

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