Comparison of the functional activity of fibroblast culture taken from preschool children and adults after surgery

Introduction. In the genesis of somatic dysfunctions formation the leading role is given to adaptation reactions on the part of the organism as a whole and connective tissue in particular. It should be noted that the main cells of connective tissue — fibroblasts play an important role in the formation of its structural and functional characteristics. At the cellular level, adaptation changes affect not only morphometric indicators, but, due to changes in the synthetic function of cells, also biochemical indicators. There is an opinion that in childhood the adaptation activity of fibroblasts in response to external influences proceeds differently, which can be studied by changes in the concentration of collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycans in the intercellular matrix.

The aim of the study: to study changes in the functional activity of the main cells of connective tissue in the process of modelled compression effect on fibroblast culture obtained during surgical intervention in preschool children and adults.

Materials and methods. Under experimental conditions (in vitro), compression conditions were modelled with respect to fibroblast culture taken from patients during surgical intervention. The study took into account the data of 40 studies of connective tissue, formed in vitro, taken from patients after surgical interventions for the period from 2022 to 2023. The whole study material was divided into two groups of 20 samples from adult and paediatric patients after surgical intervention. Inclusion criteria for the main group: material taken after surgical intervention — excision of the foreskin for social indications in children aged 3-7 years. Inclusion criteria for the control group: material taken after surgical intervention — blepharoplasty in patients aged 27-35 years.

Results. The fibroblast response to the impact is formed within 24-48 hours. The main stage of functional activity recovery after removal of the external factor (compression) occurs during the first 72 hours. Fibroblasts adapt morphologically (changing their shape) and change their local habitat (intercellular substance) in response to changes in environmental conditions due to changes in the ratio of elastin, collagen and glycosaminoglycans. The initial indices of the functional activity of fibroblasts in children are lower compared to adults when comparing the indices of elastin and collagen, and higher when comparing the indices characterising the number of soluble CD44 receptors synthesised by fibroblasts. In the process of adaptation of the main cells of connective tissue in children, stimulation of production of elastin, collagen and glycosaminoglycans by fibroblasts at the initial level is expressed. After the fibroblast culture was placed in high-pressure conditions for 24 hours, collagen and elastin synthesis was almost completely inhibited. Subsequent cultivation under normal conditions leads to gradual restoration of elastin production to control figures and moderate restoration of collagen and glycosaminoglycans synthesis, which is one third of the initial figures.

Conclusion. In the course of the experiment it was found that fibroblasts cultivation under conditions of increased pressure leads to a decrease in their functional activity, increase in proliferative activity and cell viability with preservation of their immunophenotype. Restoration of collagen, elastin and soluble CD44 level to the initial level of expression occurs, as a rule, in 72 hours. At the same time, the restoration of the synthetic activity of fibroblasts of children occurs in a shorter time range compared to that of adult fibroblasts. The obtained data allow us to explain the fact that a significant part of clinical effects are observed not immediately, but 72 hours after osteopathic correction. It can be recommended to eliminate the compression factor in the body as one of the possible etiological factors in the formation of somatic dysfunctions in the process of osteopathic correction.

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