Morphofunctional indicators of the body students of the medical university

Introduction. The period of adolescence accounts for the completion of the growth processes of the body, and the beginning of stabilization of functional indicators, which, as more plastic factors, are more sensitive to environmental conditions. Measuring, evaluating, and predicting morphofunctional parameters of the body of medical university students, taking into account regional standards of physical development, is one of the priorities of modern medicine and scientific research in general.

The aim of the study is to study the features of anthropometric and functional characteristics, vegetotype of medical university students in comparison with the current regional standard.

Materials and methods. Anthropometric and functional parameters were measured in 300 medical students (77 males, 223 females), aged 19,1±0,88 years.

Results. It is shown that anthropometric characteristics of students significantly exceed the regional standard, in boys it is body length (p<0,01), and weight-height ratio (p<0,05), in girls it is body length, chest circumference and weight-height ratio (p<0,01). Cardiointervalography parameters revealed 4,01 % vagotonics, 88,33 % eutonics and 7,62 % sympathotonics, a significant difference (p<0,01) was also found in linear cardiointervalogram parameters in cohorts of these vegetotypes. Functional indices in absolute terms revealed compliance with the regional standard only in vital capacity of lungs, carpal dynamometry is significantly lower than the standard, in girls (p<0,01), boys (p<0,05), haemodynamics in terms of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate significantly (p<0,01) exceeds the reference values. Integral functional indices: vital index, vegetative index, minute volume of respiration differ significantly by sex (p<0,05); Kerdo index, minute volume of blood circulation showed a significant difference by vegetotype (p<0,05); pulse pressure showed a significant difference by sex and vegetotype (p<0,01).

Conclusion. The studies showed statistically significant excesses relative to the regional standard in young men in body length (p<0,01) and mass-height ratio (p<0,05), in chest circumference in girls (p<0,01); in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in boys and girls (p<0,01). Absolute and integral indices of cardio-respiratory system are significantly higher in sympathotonics than in vagotonics. Young men, relative to girls, demonstrate higher absolute, linear values of cardiointervalogram (p<0,01), in the whole population these indices are within the range of norm of the regional standard. Among students the majority 88,33 % have normotonic type of ANS. The obtained results, in our opinion, show the need for systematic monitoring of objective morphofunctional state of modern youth.

1. Apanasenko G. L., Popova L. A. Medical valeology. Rostov n/D: Phoenix; 2000: 248 p. (in russ.).

2. Shepovalnikov A. N., Mokhov D. E. On the systemic strategy of ensuring the health and savings of the nation. Russia modern Wld. 2014; 3: 188–197 (in russ.).

3. Mokhov D. E., Potekhina Yu. P., Tregubova E. S., Gurichev A. A. Osteopathy — a new direction of medicine (modern concept of Osteopathy). Russ. Osteopath. J. 2022; 2: 8–26. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2022-2-8-26 (in russ.).

4. Kuchma V. R. Hygiene of children and adolescents: Textbook. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2015: 528 p. (in russ.).

5. Tyuleneva A. A., Potekhina Yu. P. Physical health level and osteopathic status of students. Russ. Osteopath. J. 2023; 2: 91–104. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2023-2-91-104 (in russ.).

6. Morphofunctional state and adaptive capabilities of students of educational institutions in modern conditions (PIMU, UNN). Arzamas: Arzamas branch of UNN; 2020: 328 p. (in russ.).

7. Potekhina Yu. P., Kournikova A. A., Stelnikova I. G., Edeleva N. K., Melnikov A. A. Features of the musculoskeletal system in students. Morphology. 2019; 155 (2): 234 (in russ.).

8. Milushkina O. Yu., Skoblina N. A., Popov V. I. et al. Assessment of the physical development of children and adolescents of the Russian Federation: regional scales of regression of body weight by body length: Textbook (part 1). Samara; 2022: 220 p. (in russ.).

9. Evaluation centile tables of standards of physiological indicators, physical, psychological development of children, adolescents, conscripts, youth, adult population of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Approved by Order of the Minister of Health of the Nizhny Novgorod region № 315-795/22P/od dated 09/16/2022. Accessed January 17, 2023. https://zdrav-nnov.ru (in russ.).

10. World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. J.A.M.A. 2013; 310 (20): 2191–2194. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053

11. Information site of the Ministry of Health of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Accessed January 9, 2023. https://zdrav-nnov.ru/ (in russ.).

12. Industry program «Protection and health promotion of healthy people for 2003–2010». Order of the Ministry of Health № 114 dated 03/21/2003. Accessed January 9, 2023. http://www.healthmanager.ru/prikaz114.html (in russ.).

13. Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation № 621 dated December 30, 2003 «On a comprehensive assessment of the health status of children». Accessed May 4, 2023. http://www.worklib.ru/ (in russ.).

14. Kournikova A. A., Stelnikova I. G., Potekhina Yu. P. Features of students′ body proportions. Morphology. 2018; 153 (3): 161–162 (in russ.).

15. Tkachuk M. G., Oleinik E. A., Dyusenova A. A. Sports morphology: Textbook (NSU named after P. F. Lesgaft). St. Petersburg; 2019: 290 p. (in russ.).

16. Bogomolova E. S., Kuzmichev Yu. G., Badaeva T. V. Physical development of modern schoolchildren of Nizhny Novgorod. Med. Almanac. 2012; 3 (22):193–198 (in russ.).

17. Bavrina A. P. Modern rules for the use of descriptive statistics methods in biomedical research. Med. almanac. 2020; 2 (63): 95–104 (in russ.).

18. Glants S. Medico-biological statistics. M.: Practice; 1998: 459 p. (in russ.).