rojournalРоссийский остеопатический журналRussian Osteopathic Journal2220-09752949-3064All-Russian Public Organization «Russian Osteopathic Association» (ROsA)10.32885/2220-0975-2026-2-184-203rojournal-807Research ArticleЛЕКЦИИLECTURESПричины нарушений постурального баланса и возможности их исследованияCauses of postural balance disorders and the possibilities of their studyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8674-5633ПотехинаЮ. П.PotekhinaYu. P.

Юлия Павловна Потехина, докт. мед. наук, профессор, Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет (Нижний Новгород), профессор кафедры нормальной физиологии им. Н. Ю. Беленкова; Институт остеопатии (Санкт-Петербург), заместитель директора по научно-методической работе; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова, кафедра остеопатии с курсом функциональной и интегративной медицины, профессор 

Scopus Author ID: 55318321700 

603000, Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1 

191024, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Дегтярная, д. 1, лит. А 

191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41 

Yulia P. Potekhina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University (Nizhniy Novgorod), Professor at the N. Yu. Belenkov Department of Normal Physiology; Institute of Osteopathy (Saint-Petersburg), Deputy Director for Scientifi c and Methodological Work; I. I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Department of Osteopathy with a Course of Functional and Integrative Medicine, Professor 

Scopus Author ID: 55318321700 

bld. 10/1 pl. Minin and Pozharskiy, Nizhniy Novgorod, 603005 

bld. 1 lit. A ul. Degtyarnaya, Saint-Petersburg, 191024 

bld. 41 ul. Kirochnaya, Saint-Petersburg, 191015 

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9740-9557ПолисмакО. В.PolismakO. V.

Олег Валерьевич Полисмак, канд. мед. наук, Центр физической и реабилитационной медицины, врач-остеопат, врач физической и реабилитационной медицины

344011, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Варфоломеева, д. 92А  

Oleg V. Polismak, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Center for Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, osteopathic physician, physician of physical and rehabilitation medicine 

bld. 92A ul. Varfolomeeva, Rostov-on-Don, 344011 

opolismak@gmail.comПриволжский исследовательский медицинский университет; Институт остеопатии; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. МечниковаРоссияPrivolzhskiy Research Medical University; Institute of Osteopathy; I. I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical UniversityRussian FederationКлиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина»РоссияClinical Hospital «RZhD-Medicine»Russian Federation20260607202602184203Copyright © Потехина Ю.П., Полисмак О.В., 20262026Потехина Ю.П., Полисмак О.В.Potekhina Y.P., Polismak O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://rojournal.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/807

Постуральные нарушения — это расстройства равновесия, возникающие вследствие дисфункций и заболеваний сенсорных систем, центральной нервной системы и опорно-двигательного аппарата. Они распространены во всех возрастных группах и часто приводят к хронической боли, дискомфорту, а также повышенному риску падений и травм. Цель лекции — по данным современной литературы систематизировать причины постуральных нарушений и методы исследования показателей равновесия и риска падений. Представлен обзор современного состояния знаний о причинах нарушения постурального баланса и возможных компенсаторных реакциях организма. Систематизированы многочисленные применяемые методы обследования пациентов с постуральными нарушениями с указанием минимальной клинически значимой разницы. 

Postural disorders are balance disturbances that arise from dysfunctions and diseases of the sensory systems, central nervous system, and musculoskeletal system. They are common in all age groups and often lead to chronic pain, discomfort, and an increased risk of falls and injuries. The purpose of this lecture is to systematize the causes of postural disorders and methods for studying balance indicators and fall risk, based on current literature. This lecture presents an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the causes of postural imbalance and the body′s possible compensatory responses. Numerous methods used to examine patients with postural disorders are systematized, indicating the minimum clinically significant difference. 

постуральный баланспостуральные тестыпостуральные нарушенияпостуральный контрольминимальная клинически значимая разницаpostural balancepostural testspostural disorderspostural controlminimal clinically important differenceReferencesЧернова П. С., Гвоздикова А. А. Заболевания опорно-двигательного аппарата и методы их лечения. Вестн. науки. 2024; 6 (75): 1559–1564. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zabolevaniya-oporno-dvigatelnogo-apparata-i-metody-ihlecheniyaChernova P. S., Gvozdikova A. A. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and methods of their treatment. Vestn. nauki. 2024; 6 (75): 1559–1564. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zabolevaniya-oporno-dvigatelnogo-apparata-i-metody-ihlecheniya (in russ.).Armbrecht G., Felsenberg D., Ganswindt M. et al. (European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study and European Prospective Osteoporosis Study Groups). Degenerative intervertebral disc disease osteochondrosis intervertebralis in Europe: Prevalence, geographic variation and radiological correlates in men and women aged 50 and over. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017; 7: 1189–1199.Armbrecht G., Felsenberg D., Ganswindt M. et al. (European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study and European Prospective Osteoporosis Study Groups). Degenerative intervertebral disc disease osteochondrosis intervertebralis in Europe: Prevalence, geographic variation and radiological correlates in men and women aged 50 and over. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017; 7: 1189–1199.Авдеева М. В., Кренева Ю. А., Панов В. П. и др. Факторы риска развития и прогрессирования дегенеративно-дистрофических заболеваний позвоночника по результатам скринингового обследования жителей Санкт-Петербурга. Анализ риска здоровью. 2019; 1: 125–134. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2019.1.14Avdeeva M. V., Kreneva Yu. A., Panov V. P. et al. Risk factors for the development and progression of degenerative-dystrophic spinal diseases based on the results of a screening survey of residents of Saint-Petersburg. Analiz riska zdorovyu. 2019; 1: 125–134. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2019.1.14 (in russ.).Клинические рекомендации: Дегенеративные заболевания позвоночника. М.; 2024. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/826_1Clinical guidelines: Degenerative spinal diseases. M.; 2024. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/826_1 (in russ.).Кренева Ю. А., Панов В. П., Авдеева М. В., Богомолова К. А. Восстановительный потенциал комплексных реабилитационных мероприятий при оказании первичной медико-санитарной помощи больным со спондилогенным болевым синдромом. Проф. и клин. мед. 2018; 2: 76–82.Kreneva Yu.A., Panov V. P., Avdeeva M. V., Bogomolova K. A. Rehabilitation potential of complex rehabilitation measures in the provision of primary health care to patients with spondylogenic pain syndrome. Prof. i klin. med. 2018; 2: 76–82 (in russ.).Мохов Д. Е. Постуральный дисбаланс и проприоцептивные нарушения стопы, их коррекция у больных люмбоишиалгией: Диссертация. СПб.: СПбМАПО; 2002.Mokhov D. E. Postural imbalance and proprioceptive disorders of the foot, their correction in patients with lumboischialgia: Dissertation. StP.: SPbMAPE; 2002 (in russ.).Кашуба В. А. Биомеханика осанки. М.: Олимпийская лит-ра; 2003.Kashuba V. A. Biomechanics of posture. M.: Olimpiyskaya lit-ra; 2003 (in russ.).Xu Q., Ou X., Li J. The risk of falls among the aging population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Publ. Hlth. 2022; 10: 902599. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.902599Xu Q., Ou X., Li J. The risk of falls among the aging population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Publ. Hlth. 2022; 10: 902599. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.902599Horak F. B. Clinical measurement of postural control in adults. Phys. Ther. 1987; 67 (12): 1881–1885. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/67.12.1881Horak F. B. Clinical measurement of postural control in adults. Phys. Ther. 1987; 67 (12): 1881–1885. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/67.12.1881Бернштейн Н. А. О построении движений. М.: Медгиз; 1947 [Bernshtein N. A. On the construction of movements. M.: Medgiz; 1947 (in russ.)].Bernshtein N. A. On the construction of movements. M.: Medgiz; 1947 (in russ.).Гурфинкель В. С., Коц Я. М., Шик М. Л. Регуляция позы человека. М.: Наука; 1965.Gurfi nkel V. S., Kots Ya. M., Shik M. L. Regulation of human posture. M.: Nauka; 1965 (in russ.).Dubousset J. Three-dimensional analysis of the scoliotic deformity // In: The Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice. New York: Raven Press; 1994: 479–496.Dubousset J. Three-dimensional analysis of the scoliotic deformity // In: The Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice. New York: Raven Press; 1994: 479–496.Nashner L. M., Forssberg H. Phase-dependent organization of postural adjustments associated with arm movements while walking. J. Neurophys. 1986; 55: 1382–1394. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.55.6.1382Nashner L. M., Forssberg H. Phase-dependent organization of postural adjustments associated with arm movements while walking. J. Neurophys. 1986; 55: 1382–1394. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.55.6.1382Майерс Т. В. Анатомические поезда. М.: МЕДПРОФ; 2022. [Myers T. W. Anatomy Trains. M.: MEDPROF; 2022 (in russ.)].Myers T. W. Anatomy Trains. M.: MEDPROF; 2022 (in russ.).Малахов М. В., Мельников А. А. Функция равновесия при различных режимах легочной вентиляции в условиях ограничения подвижности тела. Физиология человека. 2017; 43 (1): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.7868/s0131164616060114Malakhov M. V., Melnikov A. A. Balance function under different pulmonary ventilation modes in conditions of limited body mobility. Fiziologiya cheloveka. 2017; 43 (1): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.7868/s0131164616060114 (in russ.).Потехина Ю. П., Курникова А. А., Даутов Д. Р. и др. Факторы, влияющие на подвижность суставов. Рос. остеопат. журн. 2018; 3–4: 107–118. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2018-3-4-107-118Potekhina Yu. P., Kurnikova A. A., Dautov D. R. et al. Factors affecting joint mobility. Russ. Osteopath. J. 2018; 3–4: 107–118. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2018-3-4-107-118 (in russ.).Даутов Д. Р., Постникова А. Д., Потехина Ю. П. и др. Подвижность суставов нижних конечностей у лиц с разной физической активностью. Проф. мед. 2021; 24 (1): 93–97.Dautov D. R., Postnikova A. D., Potekhina Yu. P. et al. Joint mobility of the lower extremities in individuals with different physical activity. Prof. med. 2021; 24 (1): 93–97 (in russ.).Gao H., Zhao Y., Zhao L. et al. The role of oxidative stress in multiple exercise-regulated bone homeostasis. Aging Dis. 2023; 14: 1555–1582.Gao H., Zhao Y., Zhao L. et al. The role of oxidative stress in multiple exercise-regulated bone homeostasis. Aging Dis. 2023; 14: 1555–1582.Соловьева Н. В., Мартынкова Е. С. Гиподинамия в студенческой среде. Int. J. Hum. Nat. Sci. 2022; 10–1 (73): 203–207. https://doi.org/10.24412/2500-1000-2022-10-1-203-207Soloveva N. V., Martynkova E. S. Physical inactivity among students. Int. J. Hum. Nat. Sci. 2022; 10–1 (73): 203–207. https://doi.org/10.24412/2500-1000-2022-10-1-203-207 (in russ.).Rafsten L., Larsson A., Palstam A., Persson H. Postural balance and functional muscle strength in the hands and legs one year after hospitalisation due to COVID-19. J. Rehab. Med. 2025; 57: 42763. https://doi.org/10.2340/jrm.v57.42763Rafsten L., Larsson A., Palstam A., Persson H. Postural balance and functional muscle strength in the hands and legs one year after hospitalisation due to COVID-19. J. Rehab. Med. 2025; 57: 42763. https://doi.org/10.2340/jrm.v57.42763Wang J., Li Y., Yang G. Y., Jin K. Age-related dysfunction in balance: a comprehensive review of causes, consequences, and interventions. Aging Dis. 2025; 16 (2): 714–737. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.0124-1Wang J., Li Y., Yang G. Y., Jin K. Age-related dysfunction in balance: a comprehensive review of causes, consequences, and interventions. Aging Dis. 2025; 16 (2): 714–737. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2024.0124-1Otayek J., Bizdikian A. J., Yared F. et al. Influence of spino-pelvic and postural alignment parameters on gait kinematics. Gait Posture. 2020; 76: 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.12.029Otayek J., Bizdikian A. J., Yared F. et al. Infl uence of spino-pelvic and postural alignment parameters on gait kinematics. Gait Posture. 2020; 76: 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.12.029Żurawski A. Ł., Kiebzak W. P., Kowalski I. M. et al. Evaluation of the association between postural control and sagittal curvature of the spine. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15 (10): e0241228. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241228Żurawski A. Ł., Kiebzak W. P., Kowalski I. M. et al. Evaluation of the association between postural control and sagittal curvature of the spine. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15 (10): e0241228. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241228Lamartina C., Berjano P. Classification of sagittal imbalance based on spinal alignment and compensatory mechanisms. Europ. Spine J. 2014; 23: 1177–1189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-014-3227-9Lamartina C., Berjano P. Classifi cation of sagittal imbalance based on spinal alignment and compensatory mechanisms. Europ. Spine J. 2014; 23: 1177–1189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-014-3227-9Ferrero E., Liabaud B., Challier V. et al. Role of pelvic translation and lower-extremity compensation to maintain gravity line position in spinal deformity. J. Neurosurg. Spine. 2016; 24 (3): 436–446. https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.5.SPINE14989Ferrero E., Liabaud B., Challier V. et al. Role of pelvic translation and lower-extremity compensation to maintain gravity line position in spinal deformity. J. Neurosurg. Spine. 2016; 24 (3): 436–446. https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.5.SPINE14989Попелянский Я. Ю. Болезни периферической нервной системы. М.: Медицина; 1976.Popelyanskiy Ya. Yu. Diseases of the peripheral nervous system. M.: Meditsina; 1976 (in russ.).Mochizuki T., Tanifuji O., Koga Y. et al. Correlation between posterior tibial slope and sagittal alignment under weightbearing conditions in osteoarthritic knees. PLoS ONE. 2018; 13 (9): e0202488. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202488Mochizuki T., Tanifuji O., Koga Y. et al. Correlation between posterior tibial slope and sagittal alignment under weightbearing conditions in osteoarthritic knees. PLoS ONE. 2018; 13 (9): e0202488. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202488Орел А. М., Семенова О. К. Возрастной тренд изменений позвоночника. Рос. остеопат. журн. 2022; 3: 33–44. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2022-3-33-44Orel A. M., Semenova O. K. Age-related trend of spinal changes. Russ. Osteopath. J. 2022; 3: 33–44. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2022-3-33-44 (in russ.).Jahn K. The aging vestibular system: Dizziness and imbalance in the elderly. Advanc. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. 2019; 82: 143–149.Jahn K. The aging vestibular system: Dizziness and imbalance in the elderly. Advanc. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. 2019; 82: 143–149.Wellings T. P., Brichta A. M., Lim R. Altered neurofilament protein expression in the lateral vestibular nucleus in Parkinson′s disease. Exper. Brain Res. 2017; 235: 3695–3708.Wellings T. P., Brichta A. M., Lim R. Altered neurofi lament protein expression in the lateral vestibular nucleus in Parkinson′s disease. Exper. Brain Res. 2017; 235: 3695–3708.Piitulainen H., Seipajarvi S., Avela J. et al. Cortical proprioceptive processing is altered by aging. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2018; 10: 147.Piitulainen H., Seipajarvi S., Avela J. et al. Cortical proprioceptive processing is altered by aging. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2018; 10: 147.Толмачев К. М., Потехина Ю. П. Функции диафрагмы и их нарушение при искусственной вентиляции легких (обзор литературы). Рос. остеопат. журн. 2025; 1: 125–140. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2025-1-125-140Tolmachev K. M., Potekhina Yu. P. Functions of the diaphragm and their impairment during mechanical ventilation (literature review). Russ. Osteopath. J. 2025; 1: 125–140. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2025-1-125-140 (in russ.).Цацуева И. И., Потехина Ю. П. Возможности визуализации диафрагмы при помощи компьютерной томографии. Рос. остеопат. журн. 2025; 2: 80–96. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2025-2-80-96Tsatsueva I. I., Potekhina Yu. P. Possibilities of diaphragm imaging using computed tomography. Russ. Osteopath. J. 2025; 2: 80–96. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2025-2-80-96 (in russ.).Lewit K., Olsanska S. Clinical importance of active scars: Abnormal scars as a cause of myofascial pain. J. Manipulat. Physiol. Therapeut. 2004; 27: 399–402.Lewit K., Olsanska S. Clinical importance of active scars: Abnormal scars as a cause of myofascial pain. J. Manipulat. Physiol. Therapeut. 2004; 27: 399–402.Mazzotta C. Il ruolo del sistema stomatognatico nella postura corporea. Attual. Prospet. Stomatol. 1998; 14 (1): 11–24.Mazzotta C. Il ruolo del sistema stomatognatico nella postura corporea. Attual. Prospet. Stomatol. 1998; 14 (1): 11–24.Gangloff P., Louis J. P., Perrin P. P. Dental occlusion modifies gaze and posture stabilization in human subjects. Neurosci. Lett. 2000; 293 (3): 203–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01528-7Gangloff P., Louis J. P., Perrin P. P. Dental occlusion modifi es gaze and posture stabilization in human subjects. Neurosci. Lett. 2000; 293 (3): 203–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940 (00)01528-7Yoshida M., Kikutani T., Okada G. et al. The effect of tooth loss on body balance control among community-dwelling elderly persons. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2009; 22 (2): 136–139.Yoshida M., Kikutani T., Okada G. et al. The effect of tooth loss on body balance control among community-dwelling elderly persons. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2009; 22 (2): 136–139.Щербаков А. С., Петрикас И. В., Файзулова Э. Б. Взаимосвязь между дисфункцией ВНЧС и постуральным дисбалансом. Sci. Europe. 2016; 9–2 (9): 87–89.Shcherbakov A. S., Petrikas I. V., Fayzulova E. B. The relationship between TMJ dysfunction and postural imbalance. Sci. Europe. 2016; 9–2 (9): 87–89 (in russ.).Tramontano M., Piermaria J., Morone G. et al. Postural changes during exteroceptive thin plantar stimulation: the effect of prolonged use and different plantar localizations. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 2019; 13: 49. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2019.00049Tramontano M., Piermaria J., Morone G. et al. Postural changes during exteroceptive thin plantar stimulation: the effect of prolonged use and different plantar localizations. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 2019; 13: 49. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2019.00049Миронов А. А., Халили В. Д., Потехина Ю. П., Первушкин Э. С. Постуральная роль стопы и ее нарушение при плоскостопии (обзор литературы). Рос. остеопат. журн. 2020; 1–2: 147–157. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2020-1-2-147-157Mironov A. A., Khalili V. D., Potekhina Yu. P., Pervushkin E. S. The postural role of the foot and its impairment in fl at feet (literature review). Russ. Osteopath. J. 2020; 1–2: 147–157. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2020-1-2-147-157 (in russ.).DiLiberto F. E., Nawoczenski D. A., Tome J., McKeon P. O. Use of time-to-boundary to assess postural instability and predict functional mobility in people with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy. Gait Posture. 2021; 83: 141–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.10.016DiLiberto F. E., Nawoczenski D. A., Tome J., McKeon P. O. Use of time-to-boundary to assess postural instability and predict functional mobility in people with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy. Gait Posture. 2021; 83: 141–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.10.016Васильева Л. С., Сливницына Н. В., Лахман О. Л. Постуральные нарушения у пациентов с вибрационной болезнью. Мед. труда и промышл. экол. 2019; 59 (5): 314–318. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-5-314-318Vasileva L. S., Slivnitsyna N. V., Lakhman O. L. Postural disorders in patients with vibration disease. Med. truda i promyshl. ekol. 2019; 59 (5): 314–318. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-5-314-318 (in russ.).Мамонова С. Б., Крылов В. Н., Смирнов В. П., Сабурцев С. А. Антропометрические и реографические характеристики детей с плоскостопием. Вестн. ННГУ. 2014; 1 (1): 137–141.Mamonova S. B., Krylov V. N., Smirnov V. P., Saburtsev S. A. Anthropometric and rheographic characteristics of children with fl at feet. Vestn. NNGU. 2014; 1 (1): 137–141 (in russ.).Vulcano E., Deland J. T., Ellis S. J. Approach and treatment of the adult acquired flatfoot deformity. Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med. 2013; 6 (4): 294–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-013-9173-zVulcano E., Deland J. T., Ellis S. J. Approach and treatment of the adult acquired fl atfoot deformity. Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med. 2013; 6 (4): 294–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-013-9173-zГаже П. М., Вебер Б. Постурология. Регуляция и нарушение равновесия тела человека. СПб.: Издательский дом СПБ МАПО; 2008.Gage P. M., Weber B. Posturology. Regulation and imbalance of the human body. St. Petersburg: Publishing House SPB MAPO; 2008 (in russ.).Flores D. V., Mejía Gómez C., Fernández Hernando M. et al. Adult acquired flatfoot deformity: Anatomy, biomechanics, staging, and imaging findings. RadioGraphics. 2019; 39 (5): 1437–1460. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2019190046Flores D. V., Mejía Gómez C., Fernández Hernando M. et al. Adult acquired fl atfoot deformity: Anatomy, biomechanics, staging, and imaging fi ndings. RadioGraphics. 2019; 39 (5): 1437–1460. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2019190046Саватеева В. Г. Некоторые представления о биомеханике мышечного сокращения при коррекции плоскостопия. Вестн. БГУ. 2014; 1 (4): 31–33.Savateeva V. G. Some ideas about the biomechanics of muscle contraction in the correction of fl at feet. Vestn. BGU. 2014; 1 (4): 31–33 (in russ.).Никитюк И. Е., Кононова Е. Л., Никитин М. С., Афоничев К. А. Патологическая гиперсинхронизированность системы управления балансом тела у детей с послеожоговой деформацией стопы. Ортопед., травматол. и восстанов. хир. дет. возраста. 2019; 7 (2): 61–68. https://doi.org/10.17816/PTORS7261-68Nikityuk I. E., Kononova E. L., Nikitin M. S., Afonichev K. A. Pathological hypersynchronization of the body balance control system in children with post-burn foot deformity. Ortoped., travmatol. i vosstanov. khir. det. vozrasta. 2019; 7 (2): 61–68. https://doi.org/10.17816/PTORS7261-68 (in russ.).Yin L., Qin J., Chen Y. et al. Impact of body mass index on static postural control in adults with and without diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Front. Endocr. (Lausanne). 2021; 12: 768185.Yin L., Qin J., Chen Y. et al. Impact of body mass index on static postural control in adults with and without diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Front. Endocr. (Lausanne). 2021; 12: 768185.Delfa-de la Morena J. M., Castro E. A., Rojo-Tirado M. Á., Bores-García D. Relation of physical activity level to postural balance in obese and overweight Spanish adult males: A cross-sectional study. Int. J. Environm. Res. Publ. Hlth. 2021; 18 (16): 8282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168282Delfa-de la Morena J. M., Castro E. A., Rojo-Tirado M. Á., Bores-García D. Relation of physical activity level to postural balance in obese and overweight Spanish adult males: A cross-sectional study. Int. J. Environm. Res. Publ. Hlth. 2021; 18 (16): 8282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168282Vidal L., Vicentini D., Follmer B., Marques S. M. The influence of age and overweight or obesity on foot sensitivity and postural control: A systematic review. Austral. J. Ageing. 2020; 39: 251–258.Vidal L., Vicentini D., Follmer B., Marques S. M. The infl uence of age and overweight or obesity on foot sensitivity and postural control: A systematic review. Austral. J. Ageing. 2020; 39: 251–258.Kahiel Z., Grant A., Aubin M. J. et al. Vision, eye disease, and the onset of balance problems: The Canadian longitudinal study on aging. Amer. J. Ophthalmol. 2021; 231: 170–178.Kahiel Z., Grant A., Aubin M. J. et al. Vision, eye disease, and the onset of balance problems: The Canadian longitudinal study on aging. Amer. J. Ophthalmol. 2021; 231: 170–178.Grant A., Aubin M. J., Buhrmann R. et al.Visual impairment, eye disease, and the 3-year incidence of depressive symptoms: The Canadian longitudinal study on aging. Ophthalm. Epidemiol. 2021; 28: 77–85.Grant A., Aubin M. J., Buhrmann R. et al.Visual impairment, eye disease, and the 3-year incidence of depressive symptoms: The Canadian longitudinal study on aging. Ophthalm. Epidemiol. 2021; 28: 77–85.Мохов Д. Е., Могельницкий А. С., Потехина Ю. П. Профилактика постуральных и двигательных нарушений. М.: ГЭОТАРМедиа; 2023. https://doi.org/10.33029/9704-7286-6-PPD-2023-1-208Mokhov D. E., Mogelnitsky A. S., Potekhina Yu. P. Prevention of postural and motor disorders. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2023. https://doi.org/10.33029/9704-7286-6-PPD-2023-1-208 (in russ.).Cullen K. E. Internal models of self-motion: Neural computations by the vestibular cerebellum. Trends Neurosci. 2023; 46: 986–1002.Cullen K. E. Internal models of self-motion: Neural computations by the vestibular cerebellum. Trends Neurosci. 2023; 46: 986–1002.Mozafaripour E., Sadati S. K. M., Najafi L., Zoghi M. The effect of motor imaginary combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on balance in middle-aged women with high fall risk: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Neural Plastic. 2023; 2023: 9680371.Mozafaripour E., Sadati S. K. M., Najafi L., Zoghi M. The effect of motor imaginary combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on balance in middle-aged women with high fall risk: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Neural Plastic. 2023; 2023: 9680371.Baladron J., Vitay J., Fietzek T., Hamker F. H. The contribution of the basal ganglia and cerebellum to motor learning: A neuro-computational approach. PLoS Computat. Biol. 2023; 19: e1011024.Baladron J., Vitay J., Fietzek T., Hamker F. H. The contribution of the basal ganglia and cerebellum to motor learning: A neuro-computational approach. PLoS Computat. Biol. 2023; 19: e1011024.Smith J. A., Tain R., Sharp K. G. et al. Identifying the neural correlates of anticipatory postural control: A novel fMRI paradigm. Hum. Brain Mapping. 2023; 44: 4088–4100.Smith J. A., Tain R., Sharp K. G. et al. Identifying the neural correlates of anticipatory postural control: A novel fMRI paradigm. Hum. Brain Mapping. 2023; 44: 4088–4100.Toniolo S., Pisotta I., Manto M. Editorial: The role of the cerebellum in dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. Front. Neurosci. 2023; 17: 1229624.Toniolo S., Pisotta I., Manto M. Editorial: The role of the cerebellum in dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. Front. Neurosci. 2023; 17: 1229624.Cundari M., Vestberg S., Gustafsson P. et al. Neurocognitive and cerebellar function in ADHD, autism and spinocerebellar ataxia. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 2023; 17: 1168666.Cundari M., Vestberg S., Gustafsson P. et al. Neurocognitive and cerebellar function in ADHD, autism and spinocerebellar ataxia. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 2023; 17: 1168666.Kannan L., Bhatt T., Ajilore O. Cerebello-cortical functional connectivity may regulate reactive balance control in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Front. Neurol. 2023; 14: 1041434.Kannan L., Bhatt T., Ajilore O. Cerebello-cortical functional connectivity may regulate reactive balance control in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Front. Neurol. 2023; 14: 1041434.Kim D. J., Moussa-Tooks A. B., Bolbecker A. R. et al. Cerebellar-cortical dysconnectivity in resting-state associated with sensorimotor tasks in schizophrenia. Hum. Brain Mapping. 2020; 41: 3119–3132.Kim D. J., Moussa-Tooks A. B., Bolbecker A. R. et al. Cerebellar-cortical dysconnectivity in resting-state associated with sensorimotor tasks in schizophrenia. Hum. Brain Mapping. 2020; 41: 3119–3132.Nardone A., Schieppati M. Postural instability in neurodegenerative diseases: Even without parkinsonism. Front. Neurol. 2018; 9: 226. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00226Nardone A., Schieppati M. Postural instability in neurodegenerative diseases: Even without parkinsonism. Front. Neurol. 2018; 9: 226. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00226Fulop G. A., Tarantini S., Yabluchanskiy A. et al. Role of age-related alterations of the cerebral venous circulation in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment. Amer. J. Physiol.: Heart Circulat. Physiol. 2019; 316: H1124–H1140.Fulop G. A., Tarantini S., Yabluchanskiy A. et al. Role of age-related alterations of the cerebral venous circulation in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment. Amer. J. Physiol.: Heart Circulat. Physiol. 2019; 316: H1124–H1140.Zampogna A., Mileti I., Palermo E. et al. Fifteen years of wireless sensors for balance assessment in neurological disorders. Sensors (Basel). 2020; 20 (11): 3247. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113247Zampogna A., Mileti I., Palermo E. et al. Fifteen years of wireless sensors for balance assessment in neurological disorders. Sensors (Basel). 2020; 20 (11): 3247. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113247Van der Veen S. M., Thomas J. S. A pilot study quantifying center of mass trajectory during dynamic balance tasks using an HTC Vive tracker fixed to the pelvis. Sensors (Basel). 2021; 21.Van der Veen S. M., Thomas J. S. A pilot study quantifying center of mass trajectory during dynamic balance tasks using an HTC Vive tracker fi xed to the pelvis. Sensors (Basel). 2021; 21.Ebaid D., Crewther S. G. Time for a systems biological approach to cognitive aging? A critical review. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2020; 12: 114.Ebaid D., Crewther S. G. Time for a systems biological approach to cognitive aging? A critical review. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2020; 12: 114.Propper E. J., Van Eijsden H. M. K., Schermer T. R., Bruintjes T. Bilateral vestibular hypofunction in a tertiary dizziness center: Occurrence and etiology. J. Int. Advanc. Otol. 2022; 18: 327–333.Propper E. J., Van Eijsden H. M. K., Schermer T. R., Bruintjes T. Bilateral vestibular hypofunction in a tertiary dizziness center: Occurrence and etiology. J. Int. Advanc. Otol. 2022; 18: 327–333.Era P., Sainio P., Koskinen S. et al. Postural balance in a random sample of 7,979 subjects aged 30 years and over. Gerontology. 2006; 52 (4): 204–213.Era P., Sainio P., Koskinen S. et al. Postural balance in a random sample of 7,979 subjects aged 30 years and over. Gerontology. 2006; 52 (4): 204–213.Юсупова Д. Г., Салина Е. А., Зайцев А. Б. и др. Тест оценки равновесия (Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test — MiniBESTest): лингвокультурная адаптация в России. Анналы клин. и экспер. неврол. 2024; 18 (4): 38–43. https://doi.org/10.17816/ACEN.1141Yusupova D. G., Salina E. A., Zaitsev A. B. et al. The Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest): Cross-cultural adaptation in Russia. Annaly klin. i eksper. nevrol. 2024; 18 (4): 38–43. https://doi.org/10.17816/ACEN.1141 (in russ.).Гераскина Л. А., Галаева А. А., Шейхова Р. Д. и др. Факторы риска падений у больных различных возрастных групп с хронической ишемией головного мозга. Анналы клин. и экспер. неврол. 2022; 16 (3): 5–14. https://doi.org/10.54101/ACEN.2022.3.1Geraskina L. A., Galaeva A. A., Sheykhova R. D., Fonyakin A. V., et al. Risk factors for falls in patients of different age groups with chronic cerebral ischemia. Annaly klin. i eksper. nevrol. 2022; 16 (3): 5–14. https://doi.org/10.54101/ACEN.2022.3.1 (in russ.).Козенко И. В., Мохов Д. Е. Остеопатическое лечение экзогенной депрессии легкой и средней степени тяжести. Рос. остеопат. журн. 2013; 1–2: 29–34.Kozenko I. V., Mokhov D. E. Osteopathic treatment of mild to moderate exogenous depression. Russ. Osteopath. J. 2013; 1–2: 29–34 (in russ.).Райх В. Открытие Оргона. Биопатия рака. М.: Серебряные нити, Профит Стайл; 2016. [Raykh V. The Discovery of the Orgone. The Cancer Biopathy. M.: Serebryanye niti, Profit Stail; 2016 (in russ.)].Raykh V. The Discovery of the Orgone. The Cancer Biopathy. M.: Serebryanye niti, Profi t Stail; 2016 (in russ.).Пайкова А. С., Александров М. В., Ушакова С. Е. Возможности фармакотерапии лиц пожилого и старческого возраста с синдромом риска падений. Нерв. бол. 2019; 2: 32–38. https://doi.org/10.24411/2226-0757-2019-12102Paykova A. S., Aleksandrov M. V., Ushakova S. E. Possibilities of pharmacotherapy for elderly and senile patients with fall risk syndrome. Nerv. bol. 2019; 2: 32–38. https://doi.org/10.24411/2226-0757-2019-12102 (in russ.).Shumway-Cook A., Woollacott M. H. Motor control: Translating research into clinical practice (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.Shumway-Cook A., Woollacott M. H. Motor control: Translating research into clinical practice (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.Yim-Chiplis P. K., Talbot L. A. Defining and measuring balance in adults. Biol. Res. Nurs. 2000; 1: 321–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/109980040000100408Yim-Chiplis P. K., Talbot L. A. Defi ning and measuring balance in adults. Biol. Res. Nurs. 2000; 1: 321–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/109980040000100408Pichon R., Enez J., Sibley K. M. et al. Postural control measures in randomized controlled trials for older adults balance: A systematic scoping review. Ann. Geriat. Med. Res. 2025; 29 (3): 305–313. https://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.25.0019Pichon R., Enez J., Sibley K. M. et al. Postural control measures in randomized controlled trials for older adults balance: A systematic scoping review. Ann. Geriat. Med. Res. 2025; 29 (3): 305–313. https://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.25.0019Леонова О. Н., Байков Е. С., Крутько А. В. Минимальная клинически значимая разница как способ оценки эффективности лечения в хирургии позвоночника по шкалам и опросникам: несистематический обзор литературы. Хир. позвоночника. 2022; 19 (4): 60–67. https://doi.org/10.14531/ss2022.4.60-67Leonova O. N., Baykov E. S., Krutko A. V. Minimal clinically important difference as a method for assessing the effectiveness of treatment in spinal surgery using scales and questionnaires: A non-systematic literature review. Khir. pozvonochnika. 2022; 19 (4): 60–67. https://doi.org/10.14531/ss2022.4.60-67 (in russ.).Song M. J., Lee J. H., Shin W. S. Minimal clinically important difference of Berg Balance Scale scores in people with acute stroke. Phys. Ther. Rehab. Sci. 2018; 7 (3): 102–108. https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2018.7.3.102Song M. J., Lee J. H., Shin W. S. Minimal clinically important difference of Berg Balance Scale scores in people with acute stroke. Phys. Ther. Rehab. Sci. 2018; 7 (3): 102–108. https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2018.7.3.102Tamura S., Miyata K., Kobayashi S. et al. Minimal clinically important difference of the Berg Balance Scale score in older adults with hip fractures. Disab. Rehab. 2022; 44 (21): 6432–6437. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2021.1962993Tamura S., Miyata K., Kobayashi S. et al. Minimal clinically important difference of the Berg Balance Scale score in older adults with hip fractures. Disab. Rehab. 2022; 44 (21): 6432–6437. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2021.1962993Gervasoni E., Jonsdottir J., Montesano A., Cattaneo D. Minimal clinically important difference of Berg Balance Scale in people with multiple sclerosis. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab. 2017; 98 (2): 337–340.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.09.128Gervasoni E., Jonsdottir J., Montesano A., Cattaneo D. Minimal clinically important difference of Berg Balance Scale in people with multiple sclerosis. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab. 2017; 98 (2): 337–340.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.09.128Gautschi O. P., Stienen M. N., Corniola M. V. et al. Assessment of the minimum clinically important difference in the Timed Up and Go Test after surgery for lumbar degenerative disc disease. Neurosurgery. 2017; 80 (3): 380–385. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000001320Gautschi O. P., Stienen M. N., Corniola M. V. et al. Assessment of the minimum clinically important difference in the Timed Up and Go Test after surgery for lumbar degenerative disc disease. Neurosurgery. 2017; 80 (3): 380–385. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000001320 83. Franchignoni F., Horak F., Godi M. et al. Using psychometric techniques to improve the Balance Evaluation Systems Test: The mini-BESTest. J. rehab. Med. 2010; 42 (4): 323–331.Franchignoni F., Horak F., Godi M. et al. Using psychometric techniques to improve the Balance Evaluation Systems Test: The mini-BESTest. J. rehab. Med. 2010; 42 (4): 323–331.Takeda R., Miyata K., Igarashi T. The minimal clinically important difference of the mini-balance evaluation systems test in patients with early subacute stroke. Top. Stroke Rehab. 2023; 30 (7): 672–680. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2022.2145759Takeda R., Miyata K., Igarashi T. The minimal clinically important difference of the mini-balance evaluation systems test in patients with early subacute stroke. Top. Stroke Rehab. 2023; 30 (7): 672–680. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2022.2145759Godi M., Arcolin I., Giardini M. et al. Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference of the Mini-BESTest in patients with Parkinson′s disease. Gait Posture. 2020; 80: 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.05.004Godi M., Arcolin I., Giardini M. et al. Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference of the Mini-BESTest in patients with Parkinson′s disease. Gait Posture. 2020; 80: 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.05.004Lamp J. D. S., Beraldo L. M., Vieira Dos Santos W. et al. Acute effects of different proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stabilization techniques on the balance of elderly women. J. Bodywork Movem. Ther. 2023; 35: 342–347.Lamp J. D. S., Beraldo L. M., Vieira Dos Santos W. et al. Acute effects of different proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stabilization techniques on the balance of elderly women. J. Bodywork Movem. Ther. 2023; 35: 342–347.Ferreira S., Raimundo A., Marmeleira J. Test-retest reliability of the functional reach test and the hand grip strength test in older adults using nursing home services. Irish J. Med. Sci. 2021; 190 (4): 1625–1632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02492-0Ferreira S., Raimundo A., Marmeleira J. Test-retest reliability of the functional reach test and the hand grip strength test in older adults using nursing home services. Irish J. Med. Sci. 2021; 190 (4): 1625–1632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02492-0Lesch K. J., Tuomisto S., Tikkanen H. O., Venojärvi M. Validity and reliability of dynamic and functional balance tests in people aged 19–54: A systematic review. Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther. 2024; 19 (4): 381–393. https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.94612Lesch K. J., Tuomisto S., Tikkanen H. O., Venojärvi M. Validity and reliability of dynamic and functional balance tests in people aged 19–54: A systematic review. Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther. 2024; 19 (4): 381–393. https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.94612Kostenko E. V., Petrova L. V., Pogonchenkova I. V. Validation of the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (Tinetti Test) in Russia for patients after stroke. Vestn. vosstanov. med. 2023; 22 (3): 29–39. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2023-22-3-29-39 (in russ.).Костенко Е. В., Петрова Л. В., Погонченкова И. В. Валидация Шкалы оценки результативности двигательной активности (Tinetti Test) в России для пациентов, перенесших инсульт. Вестн. восстанов. мед. 2023; 22 (3): 29–39. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2023-22-3-29-39Wrisley D. M., Kumar N. A. Functional gait assessment: concurrent, discriminative, and predictive validity in communitydwelling older adults. Phys. Ther. 2010; 90: 761–773. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090069Wrisley D. M., Kumar N. A. Functional gait assessment: concurrent, discriminative, and predictive validity in communitydwelling older adults. Phys. Ther. 2010; 90: 761–773. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090069Beninato M., Fernandes A., Plummer L. S. Minimal clinically important difference of the functional gait assessment in older adults. Phys. Ther. 2014; 94 (11): 1594–1603.Beninato M., Fernandes A., Plummer L. S. Minimal clinically important difference of the functional gait assessment in older adults. Phys. Ther. 2014; 94 (11): 1594–1603.Gribble P. A., Hertel J., Plisky P. Using the Star Excursion Balance Test to assess dynamic postural-control defi cits and outcomes in lower extremity injury: A literature and systematic review. J. Athlet. Train. 2012; 47 (3): 339–357. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.3.08Gribble P. A., Hertel J., Plisky P. Using the Star Excursion Balance Test to assess dynamic postural-control deficits and outcomes in lower extremity injury: A literature and systematic review. J. Athlet. Train. 2012; 47 (3): 339–357. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.3.08Zhang Y., Pei S., Martin R. L. A systematic review of the Star Excursion Balance Test to defi ne clinically meaningful psychometric values. Sports Hlth. 2025. Nov. 30: 19417381251392609. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381251392609Zhang Y., Pei S., Martin R. L. A systematic review of the Star Excursion Balance Test to define clinically meaningful psychometric values. Sports Hlth. 2025. Nov. 30: 19417381251392609. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381251392609Abdulkerimov Kh. T., Kartashova K. I., Abdulkerimov Z. Kh. et al. Possibilities of stabilometric diagnostics of balance function disorders. Ros. otorinolaringol. 2019; 18 (6): 125–133. https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2019-6-125-133 (in russ.).Абдулкеримов Х. Т., Карташова К. И., Абдулкеримов З. Х. и др. Возможности стабилометрической диагностики нарушений функции равновесия. Рос. оториноларингол. 2019; 18 (6): 125–133. https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2019-6-125-133Dilian O., Kimmel R., Tezmah-Shahar R., Agmon M. Can we quantify aging-associated postural changes using photogrammetry? A systematic review. Sensors (Basel). 2022; 22 (17): 6640. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176640Dilian O., Kimmel R., Tezmah-Shahar R., Agmon M. Can we quantify aging-associated postural changes using photogrammetry? A systematic review. Sensors (Basel). 2022; 22 (17): 6640. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176640Zárate-Tejero C. A., Rodríguez-Rubio P. R., Brandt L. et al. Measuring craniovertebral angle reference values in adults using Kinovea software. Appl. Sci. 2024; 14 (19): 8639. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198639Zárate-Tejero C. A., Rodríguez-Rubio P. R., Brandt L. et al. Measuring craniovertebral angle reference values in adults using Kinovea software. Appl. Sci. 2024; 14 (19): 8639. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198639Rani B., Paul A., Chauhan A. et al. Is neck pain related to sagittal head and neck posture?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Orthopaed. All. Sci. 2023; 57: 371–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-023-00820-xRani B., Paul A., Chauhan A. et al. Is neck pain related to sagittal head and neck posture?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Orthopaed. All. Sci. 2023; 57: 371–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-023-00820-xMazza D., Gagliardo S., Barbarino M. et al. Spine3d and its reliability in evaluation of deformity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. J. Orthoped. Sci. Res. 2024; 5 (3): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.46889/JOSR.2024.5302Mazza D., Gagliardo S., Barbarino M. et al. Spine3d and its reliability in evaluation of deformity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. J. Orthoped. Sci. Res. 2024; 5 (3): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.46889/JOSR.2024.5302Morgan M. T., Friscia L. A., Whitney S. L. et al. Reliability and validity of the Falls Effi cacy Scale-International (FES-I) in individuals with dizziness and imbalance. Otol. Neurotol. 2013; 34 (6): 1104–1108. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0b013e318281df5dMorgan M. T., Friscia L. A., Whitney S. L. et al. Reliability and validity of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) in individuals with dizziness and imbalance. Otol. Neurotol. 2013; 34 (6): 1104–1108. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0b013e318281df5dOtani T., Tamura S., Miyata K. et al. Minimal clinically important differences in values on the Falls Effi cacy Scale-International and Brief-Balance Evaluation Systems Test for outpatients with lower extremity fractures. Rigakuryoho Kagaku. 2024; 39 (3): 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1589/rika.39.112Otani T., Tamura S., Miyata K. et al. Minimal clinically important differences in values on the Falls Efficacy Scale-International and Brief-Balance Evaluation Systems Test for outpatients with lower extremity fractures. Rigakuryoho Kagaku. 2024; 39 (3): 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1589/rika.39.112Soylu G., Cakmak G., Yalvac Y. et al. Relationship between age-related postural hyperkyphosis and sarcopenia. Curr. Aging Sci. 2021; 14: 133–138.Soylu G., Cakmak G., Yalvac Y. et al. Relationship between age-related postural hyperkyphosis and sarcopenia. Curr. Aging Sci. 2021; 14: 133–138.Panova E. N., Kubryak O. V. Human vertical posture and changes in functional states in support reactions: A review. Vestn. Novgorodskogo GU. 2018; 2 (108): 15–20 (in russ.).Панова Е. Н., Кубряк О. В. Вертикальная поза человека и смены функциональных состояний в опорных реакциях: обзор. Вестн. Новгородского ГУ. 2018; 2 (108): 15–20.Mezenchuk A. I., Kubryak O. V. The Romberg test: from walking in the dark to tests on a stabiloplatform. Almanac clin. Med. 2022; 50 (5): 335–347. https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-040 (in russ.).Мезенчук А. И., Кубряк О. В. Проба Ромберга: от ходьбы в темноте до тестов на стабилоплатформе. Альманах клин. мед. 2022; 50 (5): 335–347. https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2022-50-040Melnikov A. A., Smirnova P. A., Nikolaev R. Yu., Fedorov A. M. Interrelation of postural balance indicators in tests of varying standing complexity. Human. Sport. Medicine. 2022; 22 (S1): 28–33. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm22s105 (in russ.).Мельников А. А., Смирнова П. А., Николаев Р. Ю., Федоров А. М. Взаимосвязь показателей равновесия позы в тестах разной сложности стояния. Человек. Спорт. Медицина. 2022; 22 (S1): 28–33. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm22s105Мельников А. А., Смирнова П. А., Николаев Р. Ю., Федоров А. М. Взаимосвязь показателей равновесия позы в тестах разной сложности стояния. Человек. Спорт. Медицина. 2022; 22 (S1): 28–33. https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm22s105

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.