<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rojournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский остеопатический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Osteopathic Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-0975</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-3064</issn><publisher><publisher-name>All-Russian Public Organization «Russian Osteopathic Association» (ROsA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32885/2220-0975-2025-4-47-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rojournal-735</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мануальная терапия в предоперационной подготовке пациентов с эндопротезированием коленного сустава</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Manual therapy in preoperative preparation of patients with knee arthroplasty</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9147-0845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рождественский</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozhdestvenskiy</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Алексеевич Рождественский - аспирант, врач травматолог-ортопед, врач-остеопат.</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy A. Rozhdestvenskiy - I.I. Mechnikov North-Western SMU, Department of Osteopathy with a Course in Functional and Integrative Medicine, postgraduate student, traumatologist-orthopedist, osteophatic physician.</p><p>bld. 41 ul. Kirochnaya, Saint-Petersburg, 191015</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-7698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трегубова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tregubova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Сергеевна Трегубова - докт. мед. наук, профессор, Северо-Западный ГМУ им. И. И. Мечникова, профессор кафедры остеопатии с курсом функциональной и интегративной медицины; Санкт-Петербургский ГУ, профессор Научно-практического и образовательного центра «Остеопатия» Медицинского института. Researcher ID I-3884-2015 Scopus Author ID: 7801407959.</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41; 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Tregubova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western SMU, Professor of the Department of Osteopathy with a Course of Functional and Integrative Medicine; Saint-Petersburg SU, Professor of the Scientiﬁc, Practical and Educational Center of «Osteopathy» of the Medical Institute. Researcher ID I-3884-2015 Scopus Author ID: 7801407959.</p><p>bld. 41 ul. Kirochnaya, Saint-Petersburg, 191015; bld. 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint-Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3077-6531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рождественский</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozhdestvenskiy</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Сергеевич Рождественский - докт. мед. наук, профессор, Центр неврологии и остеопатии Рождественского, врач-невролог, врач-остеопат.</p><p>236001, Калининград, ул. Петра Панина, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey S. Rozhdestvenskiy - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Rozhdestvenskiy Center of Neurology and Osteopathy, neurologist, osteophatic physician.</p><p>bld. 8 ul. Petra Panina, Kaliningrad, 236001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">venya2304@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University; Saint-Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр неврологии и остеопатии Рождественского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rozhdestvenskiy Center for Neurology and Osteopathy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рождественский Д.А., Трегубова Е.С., Рождественский А.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рождественский Д.А., Трегубова Е.С., Рождественский А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rozhdestvenskiy D.A., Tregubova E.S., Rozhdestvenskiy A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rojournal.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/735">https://rojournal.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/735</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Артроз коленного сустава остаётся одной из ведущих причин инвалидизации и значительного снижения качества жизни пациентов старшего возраста. Несмотря на то, что тотальное эндопротезирование коленного сустава (ТЭКС) является золотым стандартом лечения терминальных стадий гонартроза, у значительной части больных после операции сохраняются болевой синдром и функциональные ограничения. В связи с этим возрастает интерес к предоперационным программам подготовки, направленным на повышение реабилитационного потенциала и оптимизацию исходов лечения.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценить влияние мануальной терапии, проведённой в предоперационном периоде ТЭКС, на клинико-функциональное состояние пациентов после операции.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное рандомизированное контролируемое исследование с участием 127 пациентов (75 женщин, 52 мужчины) с односторонним идиопатическим гонартрозом III–IV стадии, планирующих первичное ТЭКС. В соответствии с критериями исключения выбыли 12 пациентов. Участники были распределены в опытную группу (n=62), получавшую курс предоперационной мануальной терапии (три сеанса в течение 1 мес до операции), и контрольную группу (n=65), получавшую стандартную предоперационную подготовку. Оценку проводили по опроснику KOOS, визуально-аналоговой шкале (ВАШ) боли, Международной классификации функционирования (МКФ) и гониометрии коленного сустава на пяти временны′ х точках наблюдения (от 1 мес до операции до 3 мес после).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Обе группы показали статистически значимое улучшение по всем исследуемым показателям (p&lt;0,05) после ТЭКС. В опытной группе отмечено более выраженное снижение боли (с 71,5 до 23,3 балла по ВАШ против 73,5 до 32,6 в контрольной группе), больший прирост объёма сгибания голени (с 76º до 124,6º против 113,2º) и улучшение качества жизни и повседневного функционирования по KOOS. Положительная динамика у пациентов, получавших мануальную терапию, проявлялась раньше: функциональные показатели, достигнутые в опытной группе к 1-му месяцу после операции, в контрольной группе были достигнуты лишь к 3-му месяцу.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Применение мануальной терапии в качестве предоперационной подготовки пациентов с гонартрозом, направляемых на тотальное эндопротезирование коленного сустава, способствует более быстрому и выраженному улучшению функционального состояния, снижению болевого синдрома и повышению качества жизни в раннем послеоперационном периоде. Метод может рассматриваться как эффективное дополнение к стандартным программам реабилитации для оптимизации результатов тотального эндопротезирования коленного сустава.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Knee osteoarthritis remains one of the leading causes of disability and a signiﬁcant reduction in quality of life among older patients. Although total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is considered the gold standard for treating end-stage gonarthrosis, a considerable proportion of patients continue to experience pain and functional limitations after surgery. This has increased interest in preoperative programs designed to enhance rehabilitation potential and optimize treatment outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study: to evaluate the impact of manual therapy performed in the preoperative period of total knee arthroplasty on the clinical and functional state of patients after surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A prospective randomized comparative study included 127 patients (75 women, 52 men) with unilateral idiopathic knee osteoarthritis stage III–IV scheduled for primary TKA. Participants were allocated to an experimental group (n=62), which received a course of preoperative manual therapy (three sessions during the month before surgery), or a control group (n=65), which underwent standard preoperative preparation. Assessments were performed using the KOOS (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, International Classiﬁcation of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and goniometry of the knee joint at ﬁve time points (from one month before surgery to three months postoperatively).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Both groups showed signiﬁcant improvements in all measured parameters (p&lt;0,05) after TKA. The experimental group demonstrated greater pain reduction (VAS from 71,5 to 23,3 vs. 73,5 to 32,6 in controls), a larger increase in knee ﬂexion (from 76º to 124,6º vs. 113,2º), and better quality of life and daily function scores according to KOOS. Positive changes in the manual therapy group appeared earlier: functional outcomes achieved at one month postoperatively in this group were only reached by the control group at three months.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Incorporating manual therapy into the preoperative preparation of patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty leads to faster and more pronounced functional improvement, pain reduction, and enhanced quality of life in the early postoperative period. This approach may be considered an effective addition to standard rehabilitation programs for optimizing total knee arthroplasty outcomes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тотальное эндопротезирование коленного сустава</kwd><kwd>гонартроз</kwd><kwd>мануальная терапия</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>предоперационная реабилитация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>total knee arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>knee osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>manual therapy</kwd><kwd>preoperative rehabilitation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не финансировалось каким-либо источником</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was not funded by any source</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Л. И., Таскина Е. А., Кашеварова Н. Г. Остеоартрит: эпидемиология, классификация, факторы риска и прогрессирования, клиника, диагностика, лечение. Соврем. ревматол. 2019; 13 (2): 9–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva L. I., Taskina E. A., Kashevarova N. G. Osteoarthritis: Epidemiology, classiﬁcation, risk factors and progression, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment. Sovrem. revmatol. 2019; 13 (2): 9–21 (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puig-Junoy J., Ruiz A. Socio-economic costs of osteoarthritis: A systematic review of cost-of-illness studies. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2015; 44 (5): 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.10.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puig-Junoy J., Ruiz A. Socio-economic costs of osteoarthritis: A systematic review of cost-of-illness studies. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2015; 44 (5): 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.10.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Середа А. П., Кочиш А. А., Черный А. А. и др. Эпидемиология эндопротезирования тазобедренного и коленного суставов и перипротезной инфекции в Российской Федерации. Травматол. и ортопед. России. 2021; 27 (3): 84–93. https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2021-27-3-84-93</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sereda A. P., Kochish A. A., Chernyy A. A. et al. Epidemiology of hip and knee arthroplasty and periprosthetic joint infection in the Russian Federation. Travmatol. i ortoped. Rossii. 2021; 27 (3): 84–93. https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2021-27-3-84-93 (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Преображенский П. М., Филь А. С., Корнилов Н. Н. и др. Эндопротезирование коленного сустава в клинической практике: анализ 36 350 наблюдений из регистра НМИЦ ТО им. Р. Р. Вредена. Травматол. и ортопед. России. 2023; 29 (3): 73–85. https://doi.org/10.17816/2311-2905-9349</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preobrazhenskiy P. M., Fil A. S., Kornilov N. N. et al. Knee arthroplasty in clinical practice: Analysis of 36,350 cases from the register of the Vreden NMRC TO. Travmatol. i ortoped. Rossii. 2023; 29 (3): 73–85. https://doi.org/10.17816/23112905-9349 (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayashi K., Janowski A., Lesnak J. B., Sluka K. A. Preoperative exercise has a modest effect on postoperative pain, function, quality of life, and complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys. Ther. 2023; 103 (3): pzac169. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzac169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayashi K., Janowski A., Lesnak J. B., Sluka K. A. Preoperative exercise has a modest effect on postoperative pain, function, quality of life, and complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys. Ther. 2023; 103 (3): pzac169. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzac169</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L., Lee M., Zhang Z. et al. Does preoperative rehabilitation for patients planning to undergo joint replacement surgery improve outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Brit. med. J. Open. 2016; 6 (2): e009857. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009857</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang L., Lee M., Zhang Z. et al. Does preoperative rehabilitation for patients planning to undergo joint replacement surgery improve outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Brit. med. J. Open. 2016; 6 (2): e009857. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009857</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang H. Y., Losina E., Lange J. K. et al. Longitudinal trajectories of pain and function improvement following total knee replacement. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2019; 1 (5): 308–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr2.1041</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang H. Y., Losina E., Lange J. K. et al. Longitudinal trajectories of pain and function improvement following total knee replacement. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2019; 1 (5): 308–317. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr2.1041</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeni J. A. Jr., Snyder-Mackler L. Early postoperative measures predict 1and 2-year outcomes after unilateral total knee arthroplasty: Importance of contralateral limb strength. Phys. Ther. 2010; 90 (1): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090089</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeni J. A. Jr., Snyder-Mackler L. Early postoperative measures predict 1and 2-year outcomes after unilateral total knee arthroplasty: Importance of contralateral limb strength. Phys. Ther. 2010; 90 (1): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090089</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральный закон от 21.11.2011 № 323-ФЗ «Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации». Рос. газета. 2011; 263. https://rg.ru/2011/11/23/zdorovie-dok.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal Law of 21.11.2011 № 323-FZ «On the Fundamentals of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation». Ros. gazeta. 2011; 263. https://rg.ru/2011/11/23/zdorovie-dok.html (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Клинические рекомендации: Гонартроз (ID 868_1). 2024. https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_494569/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniya Rossiiskoy Federatsii. Clinical guidelines: Gonarthrosis (ID 868_1). 2024. https://www. consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_494569/ (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huskisson E. C. Measurement of pain. Lancet. 1974; 2 (7889): 1127–1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(74)90884-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huskisson E. C. Measurement of pain. Lancet. 1974; 2 (7889): 1127–1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(74)90884-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roos E. M., Roos H. P., Lohmander L. S. et al. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) — development of a self-administered outcome measure. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 1998; 28 (2): 88–96. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1998.28.2.88ЯФ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roos E. M., Roos H. P., Lohmander L. S. et al. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) — development of a self-administered outcome measure. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 1998; 28 (2): 88–96. https://doi.org/10.2519/ jospt.1998.28.2.88ЯФ</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. International Classiﬁcation of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. International Classiﬁcation of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харитонов А. А. Применение Международной классификации функционирования (МКФ) при реабилитации пациентов с остеоартрозом коленных суставов. Вестн. восстанов. мед. 2012; 4 (56): 12–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharitonov A. A. Application of the International Classiﬁcation of Functioning (ICF) in the rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joints. Vestn. vosstanov. med. 2012; 4 (56): 12–18 (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Norkin C. C., White D. J. Measurement of joint motion: A Guide to Goniometry (5th ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company; 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Norkin C. C., White D. J. Measurement of joint motion: A Guide to Goniometry (5th ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company; 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anwer S., Alghadir A., Brismée J.-M. Effect of home exercise program in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Geriat. Phys. Ther. 2018; 39 (2): 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0000000000000135</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anwer S., Alghadir A., Brismée J.-M. Effect of home exercise program in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Geriat. Phys. Ther. 2018; 39 (2): 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0000000000000135</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y., Weng W., Wu Y. et al. Effects of manual therapy on joint mobility and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2022; 52 (3): 131–141. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2022.10712</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y., Weng W., Wu Y. et al. Effects of manual therapy on joint mobility and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2022; 52 (3): 131–141. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2022.10712</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alvarenga L., Silva A., Fonseca M. et al. Manual therapy enhances blood ﬂow and oxygen delivery in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: A prospective cohort study. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon). 2022; 91: 105541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105541</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alvarenga L., Silva A., Fonseca M. et al. Manual therapy enhances blood ﬂow and oxygen delivery in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: A prospective cohort study. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon). 2022; 91: 105541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105541</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bialosky J. E., Bishop M. D., Price D. D. et al. The mechanisms of manual therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain: A comprehensive model. Manual. Ther. 2009; 14 (5): 531–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2008.09.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bialosky J. E., Bishop M. D., Price D. D. et al. The mechanisms of manual therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain: A comprehensive model. Manual. Ther. 2009; 14 (5): 531–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2008.09.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
