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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rojournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский остеопатический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Osteopathic Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-0975</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-3064</issn><publisher><publisher-name>All-Russian Public Organization «Russian Osteopathic Association» (ROsA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32885/2220-0975-2021-4-29-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rojournal-340</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гистологическое исследование синхондрозов черепа, функционально значимых в краниальной остеопатической концепции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Histological examination of cranial synchondroses as functionally significant elements in the cranial osteopathic concept</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осипов Валентин Александрович - врач-патологоанатом.</p><p>109472, Москва, Волгоградский просп., д. 168.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin A. Osipov - War Veterans Hospital № 2, pathologist.</p><p>bld. 168 Volgogradsky prosp., Moscow, 109472.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пастухов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pastukhov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пастухов Артем Николаевич - врач-мануальный терапевт.</p><p>107031, Москва, Варсонофьевский пер., д. 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem N. Pastukhov - Central Polyclinic, manual therapist.</p><p>bld. 5 Varsonofyevsky lane, Moscow, 107031.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбатов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курбатов Олег Игоревич - Институт остеопатии, преподаватель; НПЦ ДП, врач-остеопат, мануальный терапевт.</p><p>191024, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Дегтярная, д. 1, лит. А; 119602, Москва, Мичуринский просп., д. 74.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg I. Kurbatov - Institute of Osteopathy, lecturer; Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Psychoneurology, manual therapist, osteopathic physician.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8674-5633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потехина</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potekhina</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Потехина Юлия Павловна - профессор, доктор медицинских наук, ПИМУ, профессор кафедры нормальной физиологии им. Н.Ю. Беленкова; Институт остеопатии, заместитель директора по научно-методической работе.</p><p>191024, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Дегтярная, д. 1, лит. А; 603005, Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1.</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 8160-4052</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55318321700</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia P. Potekhina - professor, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Privolzhsky Research Medical University, professor at the N.Yu. Belenkov Department of Normal Physiology; Institute of Osteopathy, Deputy Director for Scientific and Methodological Work.</p><p>bld. 1A ul. Degtyarnaya, Saint-Petersburg, 191024; bld. 10/1 sq. Minin and Pozharsky, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005.</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 8160-4052</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55318321700</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">newtmed@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Госпиталь ветеранов войн № 2</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>War Veterans Hospital № 2</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральная поликлиника</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Polyclinic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт остеопатии; Научно-практический центр детской психоневрологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Osteopathy; Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Psychoneurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт остеопатии; Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Osteopathy; Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Осипов В.А., Пастухов А.Н., Курбатов О.И., Потехина Ю.П., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Осипов В.А., Пастухов А.Н., Курбатов О.И., Потехина Ю.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Osipov V.A., Pastukhov A.N., Kurbatov O.I., Potekhina Y.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rojournal.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/340">https://rojournal.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/340</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Согласно краниальной концепции Сатерленда, клиновидно-затылочный синхондроз сохраняет свою подвижность всю жизнь. Классическая анатомия однозначно характеризует этот синхондроз как временный. С возрастом в нём происходит замещение хрящевой ткани на костную. При этом каменистояремный и клиновидно-каменистый синхондрозы сохраняют в составе шва хрящевой компонент. Нормальная деятельность головного мозга человека обеспечивается в том числе и за счет биомеханических свойств черепа, во многом зависящих от морфологического состояния синхондрозов.</p><p>Цель исследования — изучение гистологического строения функционально значимых синхондрозов черепа у лиц среднего и пожилого возраста, поиск в их структуре возможных точек приложения остеопатического воздействия.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование выполнено на трупном материале 27 лиц — 7 (26 %) мужчин, 20 (74 %) женщин, умерших в возрасте 49-66 лет (57,5±5,3 года) от различной соматической патологии, но не имевших в анамнезе черепно-мозговых травм с нарушением целостности костных структур. Небольшие фрагменты кости с синхондрозами — клиновидно-затылочным, каменисто-яремным, клиновиднокаменистым — были подвергнуты процедуре стандартной гистологической обработки с последующей микроскопией.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При оценке гистологических препаратов клиновидно-затылочного синхондроза наблюдали однотипную картину: высоко минерализованные ткани краев тел клиновидной и затылочной костей были соединены без включений элементов хрящевой или соединительной ткани. Во всех случаях при иммуногистохимических реакциях in situ волокнистых и элементов нервной ткани не выявлено. Реакции с антителом CD34 маркируют множественные сосуды прободающих (фолькмановских) каналов или каналов остеона (гаверсовых). При оценке гистологических препаратов каменисто-яремного и клиновидно-каменистого синхондрозов обнаружена хрящевая ткань, представленная в виде небольших островков размером 20-120 мкм с признаками дегенерации и небольшим количеством сохранившихся хондроцитов. При оценке препаратов с проведенными иммуногистохимическими реакциями с антителами против белка S100 элементы нервной ткани не выявлены.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Клиновидно-затылочный синхондроз характеризует себя как временный. С возрастом в нём происходит замещение хрящевой ткани на костную. По гистологическому строению клиновидно-затылочный синхондроз демонстрирует полное отсутствие хрящевого компонента у лиц среднего и пожилого возраста. Каменисто-яремный и клиновидно-каменистый синхондрозы сохраняют хрящевой компонент в течение всей жизни. Во всех синхондрозах отмечается отсутствие сосудистого и нервного компонентов. При этом выявлено наличие выраженного сосудистого русла в самой костной ткани, что требует подчеркнуть значимость жидкостной потенции и эластического компонента в хрящевых и костных тканях как точек приложения остеопатических техник.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In recent decades, medical science has accumulated convincing evidence of the fact that the normal activity of a human brain depends on the functional integration of its vascular system, a circulation system of cerebrospinal fluid and biomechanical features of a skull, forming a single structural and functional system.</p><p>The aim of the study is to research the histological structure of functionally significant cranial synchondroses in the middle and elderly age group, to find possible points of osteopathic influence application in their structure. Materials and methods. The study was performed on cadaver material of 27 persons (7 men — 26 %, 20 women — 74 %) who died at the age from 49 to 66 years (57,5±5,3 years) from various somatic pathologies, but had no history of craniocerebral injuries with fractures of osseous structures. Small bone fragments with sutures of interest/synchondroses (spheno-occipital synchondrosis, petro-jugular synchondrosis, sphenopetrosal synchondrosis) were subjected to standard histological processing followed by microscopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Evaluating histological specimens of spheno-occipital synchondrosis, we observed the similar pattern: highly mineralized tissues at the edges of the bodies of the sphenoid and occipital bones were connected without elements of cartilagi-nous or connective tissue. In all cases, no fibrous or nerve tissue elements were found during the in situ immunohistochemical reactions. Reactions with the CD34 antibody mark multiple vessels of the Volkmann's or Haversian canals. Evaluating histological specimens of petro-jugular and sphenopetrosal synchondroses, we found the presence of cartilage tissue in the suture in the form of small islands of various sizes (from 20 to 120 microns) with signs of degeneration and a small number of remained chondrocytes. When evaluating specimens with immunohistochemical reactions with antibodies against the S100 protein, no elements of the nervous tissue were detected.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Spheno-occipital synchondrosis has a temporary nature. With age, its cartilaginous tissue is replaced by osseous one. According to the histological structure, sphenobasilar synchondrosis demonstrates the complete absence of a cartilaginous component in the middle and elderly age groups. Petro-jugular and sphenopetrosal synchondroses retain the cartilaginous component in their suture throughout lifetime. During histological examination of the petro-jugular and sphenopetrosal synchondroses, the cartilaginous component is represented by variety of small islands. In all synchondroses, there is an absence of vascular and nervous components. At the same time, we revealed the presence of a prominent vascular bed in the bone tissue. The fact requires emphasizing the importance of liquid potency and elastic component in cartilaginous and osseous tissues as an application point for osteopathic techniques.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синхондрозы черепа</kwd><kwd>средний и пожилой возраст</kwd><kwd>гистологическое исследование</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимическое исследование</kwd><kwd>костная ткань</kwd><kwd>хрящевая ткань</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cranial synchondroses</kwd><kwd>middle and old age</kwd><kwd>histological examination</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemical examination</kwd><kwd>bone tissue</kwd><kwd>cartilage tissue</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Москаленко Ю. Е., Кравченко Т. И. Физиологические и патофизиологические механизмы внутричерепной гемо-и ликвородинамики. 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