<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rojournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский остеопатический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Osteopathic Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2220-0975</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-3064</issn><publisher><publisher-name>All-Russian Public Organization «Russian Osteopathic Association» (ROsA)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32885/2220-0975-2021-1-8-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rojournal-268</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Становление и развитие остеопатии как научной дисциплины</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formation and development of osteopathy as a scientiﬁc discipline</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-7658</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Олегович Новиков, профессор, докт. мед. наук, профессор кафедры нейрохирургии и медицинской реабилитации. eLibrary SPIN: 3412-6610. Scopus Author ID: 7202658565</p><p>450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurii O. Novikov, Professor, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor at the Department of Neurosurgery and Medical Rehabilitation. eLibrary SPIN: 3412-6610. Scopus Author ID: 7202658565</p><p>bld. 3 ul. Lenina, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">profnovikov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8588-1577</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мохов</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokhov</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Евгеньевич Мохов, докт. мед. наук, Санкт-Петербургский университет, директор Института остеопатии; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова, заведующий кафедрой остеопатии. eLibrary SPIN: 8834-9914. Scopus Author ID: 55135855300</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry E. Mokhov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Saint-Petersburg State University, Director of the Institute of Osteopathy; Mechnikov North-West State Medical University, Head of Osteopathy Department. eLibrary SPIN: 8834-9914. Scopus Author ID: 55135855300</p><p>bld. 41 ul. Kirochnaya, Saint-Petersburg, 191015bld. 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint-Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-7698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трегубова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tregubova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Сергеевна Трегубова, докт. мед. наук, Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова, профессор кафедры остеопатии; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, доцент Института остеопатии. eLibrary SPIN: 2508-8024. Researcher ID I-3884-2015. Scopus Author ID: 7801407959</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Tregubova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Mechnikov North-West State Medical University, Professor at Osteopathy Department; Saint-Petersburg State University, Associate Professor of the Institute of Osteopathy. eLibrary SPIN: 2508-8024. Researcher ID I-3884-2015. Scopus Author ID: 7801407959</p><p>bld. 41 ul. Kirochnaya, Saint-Petersburg, 191015bld. 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint-Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mechnikov North-West Medical State University; St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новиков Ю.О., Мохов Д.Е., Трегубова Е.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новиков Ю.О., Мохов Д.Е., Трегубова Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikov Y.O., Mokhov D.E., Tregubova E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rojournal.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/268">https://rojournal.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/268</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрено становление и развитие остеопатии как научной дисциплины. Несмотря на свою полуторавековую историю, остеопатия является относительно молодой медицинской специальностью. При этом на протяжении всей истории существования остеопатии её сторонники осуществляли активный поиск научных доказательств ее эффективности. В настоящее время остеопатия переживает этап саентификации, свое становление как научной дисциплины. Однако и в настоящее время даже сам термин «остеопатия» трактуется зачастую весьма вольно и, в некоторых случаях, тенденциозно. В связи с этим, цель данной работы — проследить развитие остеопатии от самых ранних работ её основателей до новейшего этапа развития, когда остеопатия стала всё больше и больше соответствовать основным требованиям доказательной медицины. Для достижения поставленной цели большое внимание уделено этапам становления и развития остеопатии как за рубежом, так и в России. Рассмотрены такие проблемы, как формирование основной терминологии, развитие и смена основных концепций остеопатии, включая концепцию остеопатического поражения и концепцию соматической дисфункции, освоение современных методов доказательной медицины, динамика публикационной активности исследователей-остеопатов. В заключение сделан вывод, что новые способы получения данных о влиянии остеопатии на здоровье будут появляться и дальше, уровень доказательности и количество качественных клинических исследований, вероятно, изменится.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The formation and development of osteopathy as a scientiﬁc discipline is considered. Despite its one and a half century history, osteopathy is a relatively young medical specialty. At the same time, throughout the history of the existence of osteopathy, its supporters carried out an active search for scientiﬁc evidence of its effectiveness. Currently, osteopathy is going through the stage of scientiﬁcation, its formation as a scientiﬁc discipline. However, even now even the term osteopathy itself is often interpreted quite loosely and, in some cases, tendentiously. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to trace the development of osteopathy — from the earliest works of its founders to the latest stage of development, when osteopathy has become more and more consistent with the basic requirements of evidence-based medicine. To achieve this goal, much attention is paid to all stages of the formation and development of osteopathy, both abroad and in Russia. There are considered such problems as the formation of the basic terminology, the development and change of the basic concepts of osteopathy, including the concept of osteopathic lesion and the concept of somatic dysfunctions, the development of modern methods of evidence-based medicine, the dynamics of publication activity of osteopathic researchers. It concludes that new ways of obtaining the data about the health effects of osteopathy will continue to emerge, and the level of evidence and the number of quality clinical trials are likely to change.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопатия</kwd><kwd>остеопатическое поражение</kwd><kwd>соматическая дисфункция</kwd><kwd>доказательная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteopathy</kwd><kwd>osteopathic lesion</kwd><kwd>somatic dysfunction</kwd><kwd>evidence-based medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liem T. A. T. Still′s Osteopathic Lesion Theory and Evidence-Based Models Supporting the Emerged Concept of Somatic Dysfunction. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 2016; 116 (10): 654–661. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2016.129</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liem T. A. T. Still′s Osteopathic Lesion Theory and Evidence-Based Models Supporting the Emerged Concept of Somatic Dysfunction. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 2016; 116 (10): 654–661. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2016.129</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gevitz N. A. Degree of Difference: The Origins of Osteopathy and First Use of the «DO» Designation. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 2014; 114 (1): 30–40. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2014.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gevitz N. A. Degree of Difference: The Origins of Osteopathy and First Use of the «DO» Designation. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 2014; 114 (1): 30–40. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2014.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glossary of Osteopathic Terminology / Ed. R. Giusti. American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine: Third Edition; 2016; 86 р. Accessed November 01, 2020. https://www.aacom.org/docs/default-source/default-documentlibrary/glossary_osteopathic_terminology_2016-ﬁnal-perdrgiusti-(006).pdf?sfvrsn=9c0a3b97_0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glossary of Osteopathic Terminology / Ed. R. Giusti. American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine: Third Edition; 2016; 86 р. Accessed November 01, 2020. https://www.aacom.org/docs/default-source/default-documentlibrary/glossary_osteopathic_terminology_2016-ﬁnal-perdrgiusti-(006).pdf?sfvrsn=9c0a3b97_0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Booth E. R. History of Osteopathy. Emmons Rutledge Booth Press of Jennings and Graham; 1905; 428 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Booth E. R. History of Osteopathy. Emmons Rutledge Booth Press of Jennings and Graham; 1905; 428 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мохов Д. Е., Аптекарь И. А., Белаш В. О., Литвинов И. А., Могельницкий А. С., Потехина Ю. П., Тарасов Н. А., Тарасова В. В., Трегубова Е. С., Устинов А. В. Основы остеопатии: Учеб. для ординаторов. М.: Геотар; 2020; 400 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhov D. E., Aptekar I. A., Belash V. O., Litvinov I. A., Mogelnitsky A. S., Potekhina Yu. P., Tarasov N. A., Tarasova V. V., Tregubova E. S., Ustinov A. V. The basics of osteopathy: A textbook for residents. M.: Geotar; 2020; 400 p. (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hulett G. D. A textbook of the principles of osteopathy. J. Print. Company; 1903; 370 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hulett G. D. A textbook of the principles of osteopathy. J. Print. Company; 1903; 370 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Downing C. H. Principles and practice of osteopathy. Williams Publishing Company; 1923; 402 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Downing C. H. Principles and practice of osteopathy. Williams Publishing Company; 1923; 402 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Littlejohn J. M. Principle of osteopathy. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 1908; 7 (6).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Littlejohn J. M. Principle of osteopathy. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 1908; 7 (6).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fryette H. H. Principles of Osteopathic Technique. Carmel, CA: American Academy of Applied Osteopathy; 1980; First Edition 1954; 246 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fryette H. H. Principles of Osteopathic Technique. Carmel, CA: American Academy of Applied Osteopathy; 1980; First Edition 1954; 246 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snider K. T., Jorgensen D. J. Billing and coding for osteopathic manipulative treatment. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 2009; 109 (8): 409–413. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2009.109.8.409</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snider K. T., Jorgensen D. J. Billing and coding for osteopathic manipulative treatment. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 2009; 109 (8): 409–413. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2009.109.8.409</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esteves J. E., Zegarra-Parodi R., van Dun P., Cerritelli F., Vaucher P. Models and theoretical frameworks for osteopathic care — a critical view and call for updates and research. Int. J. Osteopath. Med. 2020; 35: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2020.01.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esteves J. E., Zegarra-Parodi R., van Dun P., Cerritelli F., Vaucher P. Models and theoretical frameworks for osteopathic care — a critical view and call for updates and research. Int. J. Osteopath. Med. 2020; 35: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2020.01.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christian L., Torsten L. Models and theoretical frameworks for osteopathic care — a critical view and call for updates and research. Int. J. Osteopath. Med. 2020; 37: 48–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2020.07.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christian L., Torsten L. Models and theoretical frameworks for osteopathic care — a critical view and call for updates and research. Int. J. Osteopath. Med. 2020; 37: 48–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2020.07.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потехина Ю. П., Трегубова Е. С., Мохов Д. Е. Остеопатия — новая медицинская специальность. Оценка клинической эффективности остеопатического лечения при различных заболеваниях (обзор). Мед. вестн. Северного Кавказа. 2018; 13 (3): 560–565. https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2018.13105</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potekhina Yu. P., Tregubova E. S., Mokhov D. E. Osteopathy is a new medical specialty. Assessment of clinical effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative therapy in various diseases (review). Med. News of North Caucasus. 2018; 13 (3): 560–565 (in russ.). https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2018.13105</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Osteopathic Association (AOA). Accessed November 01, 2020. https://osteopathic.org</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Osteopathic Association (AOA). Accessed November 01, 2020. https://osteopathic.org</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson M. A. Research at A. T. Still University′s Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine. MoMed. 2018; 115 (1): 32–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson M. A. Research at A. T. Still University′s Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine. MoMed. 2018; 115 (1): 32–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корр И. М. Нейрофизиологические основы остеопатии. СПб.: Медиа-сфера; 2012; 268 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corr I. M. Neurophysiological bases of osteopathy. St. Petersburg: Media-sphere; 2012; 268 p. (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodge L. M. Osteopathic lymphatic pump techniques to enhance immunity and treat pneumonia. Int. J. Osteopath. Med. 2012; 15 (1): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2011.11.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hodge L. M. Osteopathic lymphatic pump techniques to enhance immunity and treat pneumonia. Int. J. Osteopath. Med. 2012; 15 (1): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2011.11.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walkowski S., Singh M., Puertas J., Pate M., Goodrum K., Benencia F. Osteopathic manipulative therapy induces early plasma cytokine release and mobilization of a population of blood dendritic cells. PloS One. 2014; 9 (3): e90132. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090132</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walkowski S., Singh M., Puertas J., Pate M., Goodrum K., Benencia F. Osteopathic manipulative therapy induces early plasma cytokine release and mobilization of a population of blood dendritic cells. PloS One. 2014; 9 (3): e90132. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090132</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lanaro D., Rufﬁni N., Manzotti A., Lista G. Osteopathic manipulative treatment showed reduction of length of stay and costs in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2017; 96 (12): e6408. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000006408</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lanaro D., Rufﬁni N., Manzotti A., Lista G. Osteopathic manipulative treatment showed reduction of length of stay and costs in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2017; 96 (12): e6408. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000006408</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hruby R. J., Hoffman K. N. Avian inﬂuenza: an osteopathic component to treatment. Osteopath. Med. Primary Care. 2007; 1 (1): 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-4732-1-10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hruby R. J., Hoffman K. N. Avian inﬂuenza: an osteopathic component to treatment. Osteopath. Med. Primary Care. 2007; 1 (1): 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-4732-1-10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maggiani A., Tremolizzo L., Valentina A. D., Mapelli L., Sosio S., Milano V., Bianchi M., Badi F., Lavazza C., Grandini M., Corna G., Prometti P., Lunetta C., Riva N., Ferri A., Lanfranconi F. Osteopathic manual treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a feasibility pilot study. Open Neurol. J. 2016; 10 (1): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874205x01610010059</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maggiani A., Tremolizzo L., Valentina A. D., Mapelli L., Sosio S., Milano V., Bianchi M., Badi F., Lavazza C., Grandini M., Corna G., Prometti P., Lunetta C., Riva N., Ferri A., Lanfranconi F. Osteopathic manual treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a feasibility pilot study. Open Neurol. J. 2016; 10 (1): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874205x01610010059</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belsky J. A., Stanek J., Skeens M. A., Gerhardt C. A., Rose M. J. Supportive care and osteopathic medicine in pediatric oncology: perspectives of current oncology clinicians, caregivers, and patients. Support. Care Cancer. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05612-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belsky J. A., Stanek J., Skeens M. A., Gerhardt C. A., Rose M. J. Supportive care and osteopathic medicine in pediatric oncology: perspectives of current oncology clinicians, caregivers, and patients. Support. Care Cancer. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05612-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McAree M., Dunn A., Furtado J., Timmerman C., Winchell Z., Rani R., Farah J., Crispino L. J. Osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine and the blood-brain barrier: A mechanistic approach to Alzheimer prevention. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 2019; 119 (6): e25. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2019.070</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McAree M., Dunn A., Furtado J., Timmerman C., Winchell Z., Rani R., Farah J., Crispino L. J. Osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine and the blood-brain barrier: A mechanistic approach to Alzheimer prevention. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 2019; 119 (6): e25. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2019.070</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao J., Caldwell J., Wells M., Park D. Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography to Assess Tissue Mechanical Properties in Somatic Dysfunction: A Feasibility Study. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 2020; 120 (10): 677–684. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2020.108</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao J., Caldwell J., Wells M., Park D. Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography to Assess Tissue Mechanical Properties in Somatic Dysfunction: A Feasibility Study. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 2020; 120 (10): 677–684. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2020.108</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fawkes C., Leach J., Mathias S., Moore A. P. The standardised data collection project. Standardised data collection within osteopathic practice in the UK: development and ﬁrst use of a tool to proﬁle osteopathic care in 2009. Brighton: National Council for Osteopathic Research; 2010; 176 p. Accessed November 01, 2020. https://www.ncor.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/standardised_data_collection_ﬁnalreport_24062010.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fawkes C., Leach J., Mathias S., Moore A. P. The standardised data collection project. Standardised data collection within osteopathic practice in the UK: development and ﬁrst use of a tool to proﬁle osteopathic care in 2009. Brighton: National Council for Osteopathic Research; 2010; 176 p. Accessed November 01, 2020. https://www.ncor.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/standardised_data_collection_ﬁnalreport_24062010.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alvarez Bustins G., López Plaza P. V., Carvajal S. R. Proﬁle of osteopathic practice in Spain: results from a standardized data collection study. BMC Complement Altern. Med. 2018; 18 (1): 129. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2190-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alvarez Bustins G., López Plaza P. V., Carvajal S. R. Proﬁle of osteopathic practice in Spain: results from a standardized data collection study. BMC Complement Altern. Med. 2018; 18 (1): 129. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2190-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morin C., Aubin A. Primary reasons for osteopathic consultation: a prospective survey in Quebec. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (9): e106259. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106259</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morin C., Aubin A. Primary reasons for osteopathic consultation: a prospective survey in Quebec. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (9): e106259. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106259</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snider K. T., Snider E. J., DeGooyer B. R., Bukowski A. M., Fleming R. K., Johnson J. C. Retrospective medical record review of an osteopathic manipulative medicine hospital consultation service. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 2013; 113 (10): 754–767. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2013.045</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snider K. T., Snider E. J., DeGooyer B. R., Bukowski A. M., Fleming R. K., Johnson J. C. Retrospective medical record review of an osteopathic manipulative medicine hospital consultation service. J. Amer. Osteopath. Ass. 2013; 113 (10): 754–767. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2013.045</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павленко С. М. Учение о саногенезе — важнейшая проблема медицины. Патол. физиол. и экспер. тер. 1967; (1–3): 91–95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlenko S. M. The doctrine of sanogenesis is the most important problem in medicine. Pathol. physiol. exper. Ther. 1967; (1–3): 91–95 (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Теоретические основы реабилитации при остеохондрозе позвоночника / Под ред. А. П. Иерусалимского. Новосибирск: Наука; 1983; 213 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Theoretical foundations of rehabilitation in spinal osteochondrosis / Ed. A. P. Iyerusalimskiy. Novosibirsk: Nauka; 1983; 213 p. (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потехина Ю. П. Патогенез соматических дисфункций (локальный и региональный уровни). Российский остеопатический журнал. 2016; 3–4 (34–35): 91–104. https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2016-3-4-91-104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potekhina Yu. Pathogenesis of somatic dysfunctions (local and regional levels). Russian Osteopathic Journal. 2016; 3–4 (34–35): 91–104 (inruss.). https://doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2016-3-4-91-104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Москаленко Ю. Е., Кравченко Т. И. Физиологические и патофизиологические механизмы внутричерепной гемои ликвородинамики. Журн. фундаментальной мед. и биол. 2017; (4): 3–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moskalenko Yu.E., Kravchenko T. I. Physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of intracranial hemo- and liquorodynamics. J. Fundamental Med. Biol. 2017; (4): 3–11 (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крыжановский Г. Н. Детерминантные структуры в патологии нервной системы. Генераторные механизмы нейропатологических синдромов. М.: Медицина; 1980; 360 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kryzhanovsky G. N. Determinant structures in the pathology of the nervous system. Generative mechanisms of neuropathological syndromes. M.: Medicine; 1980; 360 p. (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иваничев Г. А., Старосельцева Н. Г. Генераторные системы в невропатологии. Казань: ТАТМЕДИА; 2013; 405 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanichev G. A., Staroseltseva N. G. Generator systems in neuropathology. Kazan: TATMEDIA; 2013; 405 p. (inruss.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мохов Д. Е., Трегубова Е. С., Потехина Ю. П. Остеопатия и ее восстановительный потенциал. СПб.: Невский ракурс; 2020; 200 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhov D. E., Tregubova E. S., PotekhinaYu.P. Osteopathy and its regenerative potential. SPb.: Nevsky rakurs; 2020; 200 p. (in russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мохов Д. Е. Способ диагностики и коррекции обратимых нарушений связочно-мышечного аппарата организма: Патент РФ № 2731315 / 01.09.2020. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2731315&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhov D. E. Method for diagnosing and correcting reversible disorders of the human ligamentous-muscular apparatus: Patent RF № 2731315 / 01.09.2020 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2731315&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бучнов А. Д., Егорова И. А., Сергеев И. Н., Матвиенко В. В. Тренажер для обучения и развития навыков пальпации: Патент РФ № 115117 / 20.04.2012. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPM&amp;DocNumber=115117&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buchnov A. D., Egorova I. A., Sergeev I. N., Matvienko V. V. Simulator for training and developing skills of palpation: Patent RF № 115117 / 20.04.2012 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPM&amp;DocNumber=115117&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мохов Д. Е., Коваль Ю. И. Модель черепа с подвижно-суставным сочленением костей: Патент РФ № 167933 / 12.01.2017. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPM&amp;DocNumber=167933&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhov D. E., Koval′ Yu. I. Skeleton model with movable-articular joint of bones: Patent RF № 167933 / 12.01.2017 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPM&amp;DocNumber=167933&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мохов Д. Е., Стариков С. М., Потехина Ю. П., Канаков В. А., Иконников В. Н., Панкратов А. Г., Кантинов А. Е. Способ бесконтактного измерения биологических ритмов, сопровождающихся механическими перемещениями поверхности тела человека: Патент РФ № 2651900 / 24.04.2018. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2651900&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhov D. E., Starikov S. M., Potekhina Yu. P., Kanakov V. A., Ikonnikov V. N., Pankratov A. G., Kantinov A. E. Method of non-contact measurement of biological rhythms accompanied by mechanical movements of human body surface: Patent RF № 2651900 / 04.24.2018 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2651900&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Орешко А. Ю., Селивёрстов П. В., Орешко Л. С., Мохов Д. Е., Радченко В. Г., Ситкин С. И., Трегубова Е. С. Способ лечения больных целиакией с желчнокаменной болезнью 1-й стадии на фоне аномалии желчного пузыря: Патент РФ № 2668123 / 26.09.2018. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2668123&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oreshko A. Yu., Seliverstov P. V., Oreshko L. S., Mokhov D. E., Radchenko V. G., Sitkin S. I., Tregubova E. S. Method of treating patients with celiacwith chole lithiasis of 1st stage in setting of gall blad deranomaly: Patent RF № 2668123 / 09/26/2018 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2668123&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мохов Д. Е., Чащин А. В. Компрессионный способ измерения физиологических показателей состояния организма и устройство для его осуществления: Патент РФ № 2424765 / 27.07.2011. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2424765&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhov D. E., Chashchin A. V. Compressive method of measuring physiological indices of organism state and device for its realisation: Patent RF № 2424765 / 27.07.2011 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2424765&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мохов Д. Е., Чащин А. В. Функциональная проба с компрессией тканей организма и устройство для его осуществления: Патент РФ № 2405424 / 10.12.2010. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2405424&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhov D. E., Chashchin A. V. Functional test with compression of organism tissues and device for its realisation: Patent RF № 2405424 / 10.12.2010 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2405424&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мохов Д. Е., Чащин А. В. Способ Мохова–Чащина получения данных о состоянии краниальных тканей и устройство для его осуществления: Патент РФ № 2396899 / 20.08.2010. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2396899&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhov D. E., Chashchin A. V. Mokhov–Chaschin′s method of obtaining data about cranial tissue state and device for its realisation: Patent RF № 2396899 / 20.08.2010 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2396899&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мохов Д. Е., Чащин А. В., Чащин Д. А. Способ обследования краниальных тканей и устройство для его осуществления: Патент РФ № 2372837 / 20.11.2009. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2372837&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhov D. E., Chashchin A. V., Chashchin D. A. Method of cranial tissues examination and device for its realisation: Patent RF № 2372837 / 20.11.2009 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2372837&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новиков Ю. О., Кузьмин А. Б., Галлямова А. Ф., Гайсин И. К., Юсупов Ш. М., Машкин М. В., Бахтияров Р. А., Гильмитдинов У. К. Прибор для измерения мышечного тонуса и порога болевой чувствительности: Патент РФ № 24785 / 27.08.2002. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPM&amp;DocNumber=24785&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikov Yu. O., Kuzmin A. B., Gallyamova A. F., Gaisin I. K., Yusupov Sh. M., Mashkin M. V., Bakhtiyarov R. A., Gilmitdinov U. K. Device for measuring muscle tonus and threshing pain sensitivity: Patent RF № 24785 / 27.08.2002 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPM&amp;DocNumber=24785&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новиков Ю. О., Кузьмин А. Б., Галлямова А. Ф., Гайсин И. К., Юсупов Ш. М., Машкин М. В., Бахтияров Р. А., Гильмитдинов У. К. Устройство для определения подвижности шейного отдела позвоночника: Патент РФ № 24781 / 27.08.2002. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPM&amp;DocNumber=24781&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikov Yu. O., Kuzmin A. B., Gallyamova A. F., Gaisin I. K., Yusupov Sh. M., Mashkin M. V., Bakhtiyarov R. A., Gilmitdinov U. K. Device for determining mobility of the cervical spine: Patent RF № 24781 / 27.08.2002 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPM&amp;DocNumber=24781&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новиков Ю. О., Кузьмин А. Б., Галлямова А. Ф., Гайсин И. К., Юсупов Ш. М., Машкин М. В., Бахтияров Р. А., Гильмитдинов У. К. Курвиметр, совмещенный с угломером: Патент РФ № 24783 / 27.08.2002. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPM&amp;DocNumber=24783&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikov Yu. O., Kuzmin A. B., Gallyamova A. F., Gaisin I. K., Yusupov Sh. M., Mashkin M. V., Bakhtiyarov R. A., Gilmitdinov U. K. Courvimeter combined with an anglomer: Patent RF № 24783 / 27.08.2002 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPM&amp;DocNumber=24783&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новиков Ю. О., Кузьмин А. Б., Галлямова А. Ф., Гайсин И. К., Юсупов Ш. М., Машкин М. В., Бахтияров Р. А., Гильмитдинов У. К. Устройство для исследования ротации в поясничном отделе позвоночника: Патент РФ № 2221484 / 20.01.2004. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2221484&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikov Yu. O., Kuzmin A. B., Gallyamova A. F., Gaisin I. K., Yusupov Sh. M., Mashkin M. V., Bakhtiyarov R. A., Gilmitdinov U. K. Device for studying rotation in lumbar segment of the vertebral column: Patent RF № 2221484 / 20.01.2004 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2221484&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новиков Ю. О., Кузьмин А. Б., Галлямова А. Ф., Гайсин И. К., Юсупов Ш. М., Машкин М. В., Бахтияров Р. А., Гильмитдинов У. К. Устройство для исследования латерофлексии: Патент РФ № 2221483 / 20.01.2004. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2221483&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikov Yu. O., Kuzmin A. B., Gallyamova A. F., Gaisin I. K., Yusupov Sh. M., Mashkin M. V., Bakhtiyarov R. A., Gilmitdinov U. K. Device for studying lateroﬂexion: Patent RF № 2221483 / 20.01.2004 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2221483&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляев А. Ф., Пискунова Г. Е. Способ оценки эффективности выполнения техники миофасциального релиза: Патент РФ № 2684757 / 12.04.2019. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2684757&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyaev A. F., Piskunova G. E. Method for evaluating effectiveness of implementing myofascial release technique: Patent RF № 2684757 / 12.04.2019 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2684757&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чеченин А. Г., Крамаренко В. Г., Киселев Н. Ю. Способ оценки эффективности краниальной мануальной терапии: Патент РФ № 2156608 / 27.09.2000. https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2156608&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chechenin A. G., Kramarenko V. G., KiselevN.Yu. Method for evaluating cranial manual therapy effectiveness: Patent RF № 2156608 / 27.09.2000 (in russ.). https://www1.ﬁps.ru/registers-doc-view/ﬁps_servlet?DB=RUPAT&amp;DocNumber=2156608&amp;TypeFile=html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sackett D. L., Rosenberg W. M.C., Gray J. A., Haynes R. B., Richardson W. S. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn′t. Brit. med. J. 1996; 312 (7023): 71–72. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sackett D. L., Rosenberg W. M.C., Gray J. A., Haynes R. B., Richardson W. S. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn′t. Brit. med. J. 1996; 312 (7023): 71–72. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
